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Anatomy and Physiology test 3 > A and P > Flashcards

A and P Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Integumentary System?

A

-Name given to the skin and it’s appendages; the hair, nails and skinglands

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2
Q

What is the function of Integumentary system?

A

Protects body, helps to regulate body temperature, synthesizes Vitamin D

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3
Q

Structure of the skin?

A
  • Epidermis : The superficial, thinner layer consisting of epithelial tissue
  • Dermis: The deep, thicker layer consisting of vascular connective tissue
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4
Q

Epidermis?

A

Outer layer

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5
Q

Dermis?

A

Inner layer

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6
Q

Epidermis Growth and repair turnover?

A

Regeneration time is the time required for epidermal cells to form in the stratum basale and migrate to the skin surface
-Approx 35 days

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7
Q

Dermis?

A

Also called the true skin

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8
Q

Functions of the skin?

A

1) Protection
2) Sensation
3) Flexibility
4) Immunity
5) Excretion
6) Vitamin D production

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9
Q

Types of Bones?

A
  • > Long bones
  • > Short Bones
  • > Flat bones
  • > Irregular bones
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10
Q

Bone Tissue?

A

Compact Bone
-> Dense, solid appearing tissue that make up the shafts of long bones

Spongy Bone
-> Spongy appearing tissue found at the ends of long bones which supports and protects bone marrow

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11
Q

Osteoblasts (bone cells)

A

Build up bone

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12
Q

Osteoclasts (bone cells)

A

Break down bone

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13
Q

Bone Function

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Mineral Storage
Hematopoiesis
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14
Q

Skeleton

A

Consists of bone, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissues (tendons and ligaments)

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15
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A
  • Supports the body
  • Protects soft body parts
  • Produces blood cells
  • Stores minerals and fat
  • Permits flexible body movement
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16
Q

Classification of Bones

A
  • Shape
    • Long bones
    • Short bones
    • Flat bones
    • Round bones
    • Irregular bones
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17
Q

Classification of Bones

A

Location

- Axial skeleton
- Appendicular skeleton
18
Q

4 Cranial bones

A

Temporal Bone
Ocipital Bone
Frontal bone
Nasal bone

19
Q

The Rib Cage

A

True Ribs
-> Upper 7 pairs

False Ribs
-> Next 3 pairs

Floating Ribs
-> Bottome 2 pairs

20
Q

Bone Fractures?

A

A fracture is defined as a partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone.

21
Q

Types of Fractures

A
  • Impacted
  • Complete
  • Incomplete
  • Dentate
  • Comminuted
  • Avulsion
  • Linear
  • Transverse
  • Oblique
  • Spiral
  • Hairline
22
Q

Fracture Healing?

A

1) Fracture tears blood vessels and initiates repair.
2) A fracture hematoma (blood clot) occurs after fracture
3) Blood clot replaced by a callus
4) Remodelling completes repair

23
Q

Joints

A

Point of contact between bones

24
Q

Classification of Joints

A

Fibrous Joints
-> Immovable

Cartilaginous
-> Slightly movable

Synovial Joints
-> Two bones separated by a cavity

25
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Joint capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Articular cartilage
  • Joint cavity
  • Menisci
  • Ligaments
  • Bursae
26
Q

Synovial Joint Motions

A 
Flexion
   -> Forearm towards arm
Extension
   -> Forearm away from the arm
Abduction
   ->Arms sideways,away from body
Adduction
   ->Arms back to body
Rotation
   -> Head to answer "no"
27
Q

Skeletal Muscle Structure

A

Attachment of muscles
Origin
- The point of attachment that does not move when muscle contracts

    Insertion
        - The point of attachment that moves when muscle contracts
28
Q

Muscle Actions

A

Prime movers
- Muscles or group of muscles that directly perform a specific movement
Antagonists
- Muscles that when contracting, directly oppose the prime movers
Synergists
-Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers.

29
Q

Naming Muscles

A
  • Location
  • Function
  • Shape
  • Direction of fibers
  • Points of attachment
30
Q

General Functions of Muscular System

A
  • Movement of the body as a whole or of it’s parts
  • Heat Production
  • Maintaining posture
31
Q

3 Front Major Skeletal Muscles

A

Frontalis
-Wrinkles forehead and lifts eyebrows

Rectus Abdominus
-Flexes Spine

Masseter
-Closes jaw

32
Q

3 Rear Major Skeletal Muscles

A

Occipitalis
-Moves scalp backwards

Gluteus Maximus
-Extends thighs

Deltoids
-Abducts and raises arms at shoulder joints

33
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fiber

A

Each fiber is a single cell

34
Q

Myofilaments

A

Myosin
->Thick filaments

Actin
->Thin filaments

35
Q

Primary Energy

A

ATP

36
Q

Secondary Energy

A

CP

37
Q

Muscle Contraction (Actin & Myosin Function)

A

1) Calcium Activates Actin
2) Coupled with ATP, the myosin head binds, bends, pulls and releases
3) Repeats

38
Q

Muscles

A

Muscles are composed of bundles of muscle fibers that are held together by fibrous connective tissue

39
Q

Motor Units

A

A motor unit is a motor neuron plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches

40
Q

Recruitment (Motor units)

A

More motor units are activated as the intensity of stimulus increases.

Anatomy and Physiology test 3 (1 decks)

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