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Acid Base Balance > A Aand P Ch 20 Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

A Aand P Ch 20 Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Most important homeostatic mechanisms

A

Acid base balance

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2
Q

What does pH mean

A

Power of hydrogen in a solution

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3
Q

WHat does pH measure

A

The acid or base character of a solution

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4
Q

What is the pH or pure water

A
    1. = neutral. Less than 7 is acidic
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5
Q

Acidic substances

A

Lemon juice. Vinegar. Hydrochloric acid (stomach acid)

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6
Q

Acid in Latin

A

Sour

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7
Q

Which substance in the body has the lowest pH

A

The stomach

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8
Q

Which substance has the highest concentration of hydrogen ions

A

Lemon juice has a very high concentration hydrogen ions

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9
Q

pH is represented on a scale from 0 to 14 what is neutral on the scale?

A
  1. Less than 7 is acidic more than 7 is basic
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10
Q

The higher the pH the fewer the

A

Hydrogen ions

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11
Q

Which feels slippery like soap acid or base

A

Base

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12
Q

Buffer can be either or

A

Acid or alkaline

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13
Q

HCO3 represents

A

Bicarbonate (buffer)- basic solution
Will buffer acid-weaken the acidity

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14
Q

pH of normal arterial blood

A

7.45

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15
Q

Normal pH of venous blood

A

7.35

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16
Q

Normal pH range of human blood

A

7.35 to 7.45
Balance is achieved when pH is in this range

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17
Q

What is bodies mechanism for self regulation of pH. (2 ways)

A

Respiratory mechanism (quick response)
Urinary mechanism (can help with regulating in 24 hours)

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18
Q

Whai is Acidosis and alkalosis

A

PH inbalances

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19
Q

Acid base or pH imbalance depends on

A

How much carbonic acid (weak solution) H2CO3 in blood
How much sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the blood
Body regulates both through homeostatic buffer system

20
Q

Sodium bicarbonate is regulated by (NaHCO3)

A

Kidneys

21
Q

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is regulated by

A

Lungs

22
Q

What do the lungs Exhale and how much

A

Carbon Dioxide, eliminating carbonic acid from venous blood
30L daily

23
Q

What will eventually happen With a significant decrease in breathing

A

Acidosis

24
Q

What will eventually happened with an excessive increase in breathing

A

Alkalosis

25
Q

Most effective regulator of pH

A

Kidneys

26
Q

How does urine become acidic

A

Kidneys secrete hydrogen ions and ammonia NH3 from blood and into urine
Reabsorbs sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) into blood

27
Q

More acids than bases usually enter blood causing the kidneys to

A

Excrete more acids than bases

28
Q

Ratio of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to carbonic acid (H2CO3)

A

20:1

29
Q

If buffering increases amt of carbonic acid in blood, what happens to sodium bicarbonate

A

It’s amt decreases in the blood

30
Q

If hydrogen concentration of blood increases slightly, than blood pH in blood does what

A

PH decreases (acidic), than buffering system kicks i

31
Q

Which buffer system is fast

A

Respitory

32
Q

Slowest buffering system

A

Renal/kidney

33
Q

If Respiratory mechanism fails, then

A

The more powerful, but, slower renal mechanism kicks in

34
Q

What is Respitory mechanism of pH control

A

Respiration remove some CO2 from blood

35
Q

Bl flows thru lung capillaries and amt of carbonic acid is decreased therefore hydrogen concentration

A

Is decreased

36
Q

Do kidneys regulate carbonic acid

A

No carbonic acid is regulated by lungs

37
Q

Metabolic and respiratory IMBALANCES are

A

PH imbalances causing 20:1 ratio to be disturbed

38
Q

Metabolic disturbances affect bl levels of

A

sodium bicarbonate

39
Q

Respitory disturbances affect bl levels of

A

Carbonic acid

40
Q

Metabolic pH imbalance of
Metabolic acidosis is too little

A

Sodium bicarbonate

41
Q

Metabolic imbalance
Metabolic alkalosis is too much (complication of severe vomiting)

A

Sodium bicarbonate

42
Q

Respitory alkalosis is deficit of

A

Carbonic acid

43
Q

Respitory acidosis is too much

A

Carbonic acid

44
Q

AnExample of a Respitory disturbance

A

Hyperventilation=Deficit of carbonic acid
Caused by excessive loss of CO2 in expired air


45
Q

In acidosis or alkalosis the various pH mechanisms try to restore balance

A

As soon as possible because
Compensation is clinically important
You can have a serious ongoing medical condition while having what appears to be a normal pH

46
Q

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis changes

A

The normal ratio of 20 to 1

47
Q

In Compensated metabolic acidosis The ratio of Sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid Remains close to 20 to 1, what changes is

A

The TOTAL amount of sodium carbonic and carbonic acid

Acid Base Balance (1 decks)

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