A

Question 1

Accurate

- indications and ocular side effects

Answer 1

Cystic acne, optic neuritis, dry eye, decreased night vision, transitory myopia

Question 2

Amiodarone

Answer 2

Anti arrhythmic

Whorl keratopathy, optic neuropathy, photophobia

Blocks na/K channels which increase refractory period of myocardial cells

Question 3

Estrogen

Answer 3

Pregnancy prevention

Optic neuritis. Dry eyes

Question 4

Warfarin

Answer 4

Prevents clot formation

Retinal and subconjunctival haemorrhage (also seen in ginkgo biloba)

Question 5

Digoxin

Answer 5

Congestive heart failure

Red/green defects, flickering/flashes of light, coloured spots, hazy dim vision

Question 6

Bisphosphonate (alendronate)

Answer 6

Osteoporosis

Blurred vision, hyperaemia, anterior uveitis, episcleriris, scleritis

Question 7

Plaquenil

Answer 7

Malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus

Bull’s eye maculopathy, corneal deposits

Question 8

Prednisone (corticosteroid)

Answer 8

Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, immune mediated conditions

Posterior subcapsular cataract, high iop

Question 9

Antidepressants (Prozac)

Answer 9

Dry eye, blurred vision, mydriasis, ptosis, photophobia, diplopia, conjunctivitis

Question 10

Topiramate (topamax)

Answer 10

Migraine and seizures

Acute myopia, bilateral angle closure glaucoma

Question 11

Viagra

Answer 11

Erectile dysfunction

Bluish tinge to vision, NAION, macular oedema

Question 12

Acetazolamide

Answer 12

CAI reduces HCO3- production = less AH production

Question 13

Beta blockers - betaxolol, Timolol

Answer 13

Lowered camp = lowered AH, blocking of beta 1 = lowered cardiac output and rate

Question 14

Acyclovir

Answer 14

Antiviral - specific for herpes simplex

Triple phosphorylation by thymidine kinase
Inhibits viral DNA synthesis

Question 15

Tetracyclines

Answer 15

Antibiotics that inhibit across of tRNA to acceptor site on 30s ribosomal subunit

Hepatotoxicity

Question 16

Macrolides

Answer 16

50s subunit

Question 17

Beta lactam

Answer 17

Amoxicillin, carbapenim, cephalosporins

Prevent cross linking in cell wall synthesis by binding PBP

Question 18

Glycopeptides (vancomycin)

Answer 18

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Question 19

Aminoglycosides

Answer 19

Gentamicin, neomycin

Bactericides, nephrotoxicity

Question 20

Bimatoprost

Answer 20

PGA

increase MMPs = relaxation of ciliary muscle = remodelling ECM of ciliary muscle = increased uveoscleral outflow

Question 21

Timolol, betaxolol

Answer 21

Beta blockers

Timolol cannot be used in asthma (beta 2 blockage = bronchoconstriction)

Blocks atp -> camp -> lowered AH production

Question 22

CAIs

Answer 22

Acetazolanide

Decreased HCO3- = lowered AB

Nausea, vomiting, GI distress, weight loss, paraesthesia of hands and feet, depression

Question 23

Physistigmine/neostigmine

Answer 23

Inactivated ACHE = strong miosis

Glaucoma treatment

Bradycardia, GI tract changes and increased secretions

Question 24

Pilocarpine

Answer 24

Adie’s pupil, acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 25

Piroxicam

Answer 25

Cox2 inhibitor

Question 26

Aspirin

Answer 26

Mostly COX1 inhibitor, blood thinner

Question 27

Ibuprofen

Answer 27

Cox1&2