A Flashcards
What is necessary for gas exchange to occur in the alveoli?
A concentration gradient of O2 and carbon dioxide
What is diaphragm?
Sheet of muscle that seals off the bottom of thoracic cavity
What can a spirometer measure?
Vital capacity, tidal volume, breathing rate, O2 uptake
What is vital capacity?
Maximum amount of air that can be expelled from the lungs
What is tidal volume?
The ‘normal’ lung volume, average volume of air expelled from lungs
What causes ventilation?
The action of the intercostal muscles between ribs and diaphragm
How does gas exchange happen in bony fish?
Gills are the gas exchange organs
What is ideal about gills?
High SA, increased by many gill lamellae (containing many blood vessels) good for diffusion
Gas exchange in insects?
O2 is carried to tissues via trachea 9system of tubes)
Explain the mechanism for fish ventilation?
Mouth open and buccal cavity lowered (higher volume and lower pressure), water flows in, closing mouth increases pressure and pushes water into gill cavity, same thing happens and water is pushed out
What are the alveoli?
Found at the end of the smallest branched bronchioles, they allow expansion and recoil to help ventilation
What are bronchi?
Similar to trachea but smaller and complete ring form
What are bronchioles?
Get smaller closer to alveoli (no cartilage)
What are the trachea?
Largest tube in gas exchange system, ring shaped with gap so oesophagus doesn’t hit it
What is the gas exchange system in mammals?
The alveoli (in the lungs) air sacs, trachea branches into two bronchi (one going to each lung), dividing into bronchioles, ending in air sacs
