A

Question 1

Attrition

Answer 1

1- Abnormal occlusion (either developmental or following extractions):

• Malocclusion as over erupted tooth, malposed tooth or edge to edge occlusion

موں اورد

→increased load & masticatory forces on a group of teeth.

2. Abnormal tooth structure (poor quality of dental hard tissue) as amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta or environmental enamel

hypoplasia.

3- Intraoral habits as bruxism & tobacco chewing??

4-Decrease mucin content of saliva decrease of lubrication of teeth.

5- Nature of the food presence of abrasive materials in food (fibrous food contains more gritty

“Hard, fibrant Fund”

AT

impurities).

ملاقة (مرد)

• Content of saliva

Saliva mucinous

6-

Clinical features:

1. Age age related process, ↑ with age.
2. Sex Men more than women (greater masticatory forces).
3. Site:

Functional Cus P

Incisal edges of the incisors.

• Occlusal surfaces of the molars (the palatal cusp of the maxillary teeth and the buccal cusps of the mandibular teeth).

• Palatal surfaces of the anterior maxillary teeth and the labial surfaces of the anterior mandibular teeth.

• Proximal attrition due to rubbing of adjacent teeth at contact

point during mastication

reduction in the mesiodistal Contact area. diameters of the teeth

NB: Teeth undergo unfelt up and down (vertical) movement during mastication as a result of resiliency of periodontal ligaments proximal attrition.

شروع و تام

Sensitivity & loss of vertical dimensions & TMJ problems.

Question 2

شكل attrition

Answer 2

The first clinical manifestation of attrition appears as:

Slight flattening of the incisal edge.

Small polished area on the cusp tip or fridge

Early stage disc shaped shallow.concavities surrounded by sharp irregular enamel borders.

Advanced stage:

1. The full thickness of enamel worn away in one or more areas.
2. Yellow or brown staining of the exposed dentine from food or tobacco.
3. As the tooth wear continues (in dentine), there is gradual sensitivity to thermal changes with:

flattening of the incisal edge chisel shaped incisors.

or

Reduction in the cusp height.

Flattening of the occlusal inclined planes.

Histopathologic features:

Loss of enamel on surface.

Secondary dentine pulpal to the primary dentine.

Dentine sclerosis (Ca++ deposition).

Dead tracts.

Atrophy of pulp size.

ا

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

Gingival recission
V shape

Question 4

Tooth brush abrasion (most common)
لما بغسل بشكل horizontal

Answer 4

this type of abrasion:

The lesion appears in the cervical regions of the labial and buccal surfaces of teeth as a wedge shaped (V- shaped) grooves with sharp angles and highly polished Dentinal surfaces.

b

Gingiva →

The maxillary teeth > the mandibular teeth.

The left teeth are more involved in right handed people and vice versa. استان البارزة

The degree of abrasion is greatest on prominent teeth (canine and premolars and teeth adjacent to edentulous areas

Question 5

Dental floss picks

Answer 5

Interproximal radicular cementum and dentin

Question 6

Occupational abrasion

Answer 6

Thread

1 biting (cloth workers and tailors bite and cut threads with their teeth).

رجار 2 Nails (carpenters hold pins between their incisors).

صامير

3 Tacks (shoe maker hold tacks between their teeth).

دیایی بری

④ Hair grips (bobby pins) (hair dresser open bobby pins with the teeth).

goibl

Appears as a notch in the incisal edges reflecting the shape of the foreign object.

Question 7

Habitual abrasion

Answer 7

Pipe smoking deep groove on occlusal surfac or incisal edge at which the pipe stem is hel Yellowish brown discoloration of tooth surface from smoking products. 1981

2 Hair pin opening → round or v- shaped notches in the incisal edges of anterior teeth.

Question 8

مص اللمون او شرب acidف
Erosion diatery

Answer 8

Usually involves the gingival 1/3 of the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors.

Question 9

Occupational eriosion ابخره

Answer 9

Usually involves the incisal thirds of the incisors (the surfaces most exposed to the atmosphere).

Question 10

لو mucin زاد

Answer 10

Attrition يقل
يحصل idiopathic erosion
تغيرات ف saliva

Question 11

Internal erosion

Answer 11

حرف L

Usually involves:

1. Palatal surfaces of the maxillary teeth.
2. Occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth

Question 12

Internal erosion

Answer 12

Anorexia nervosa.

2 Bulimia nervosa.

3. Chronic alcoholics probably due to gastric reflux associated with chronic gastritis.

Question 13

Internal erosion

Answer 13

Shape shallow, broad, spoon shaped (saucer shape) concavities and shows a peripheral irreg outline of enamel.

2. Color:

➤ Active erosion clean, unstained surface.

➤ Inactive sites → stained and discolored.

3. Erosion can proceed rapidly and result in dentinal sensitivity or rarely pulp exposure.

Abrasion vi

Histopathologic features → as attrition.

Question 14

Histopathologic features لattritionو erosion

Answer 14

Loss of enamel on surface.

• Secondary dentine pulpal to the primary dentine.

Dentine sclerosis (↑Ca++ deposition).

Dead tracts.

• Atrophy of pulp size.

Question 15

Abfarction

Answer 15

refers to loss of tooth structure due to repeated tooth flexure caused by occlusal stresses.

Causes:

Eccentric occlusal forces. concentrated tensile stresses at the cervical fulcrum tooth flexure disruption in the chemical bonds of the enamel crystals cracked enamel that can be lost.

•

The much greater prevalence is noted in those with bruxism)

بيزود الحوار

Question 16

Abfarctionشكله

Answer 16

The lesion appears as narrow, deep v-shaped depressions.

2. Often affect a single tooth with adjacent unaffected teeth.
3. This lesion usually involves the cervical areas of the teeth and most commonly seen on the facial surfaces of the mandibular teeth due to their lingual orientation.
4. This lesion may produce sensitivity to thermal changes.

Question 17

) External resorption

Answer 17

1. Chronic peri-radicular inflammatory conditions((abcess /granuloma))

2/cyst

3/- Neoplasms (benign or malignant((بتزيد الاوعيه ثم chemical mediator ثمضغط ع الجدر))

4/trauma((Excessive occlusal forces (traumatic occlusion).

• Excessive forces applied during orthodontic treatment ))

5/impacted teeth سواء هي او اللي جنبها هي فقدت الطبقه الحاميه او pdl

6/Re-implantation and transplantation of teeth((After transplantation or reimplantation, the pulps and soft tissues attached to the root

degenerate due to cutting of the blood supply.

These Implanted teeth are hon vital tissues having becrotic periodontal ligaments resorption of their roots replaced by bone ankylosis)

Many implanted teeth exhibi complete resorption of the root))

7/Other pathological conditión as((. Fibro osseous lesions as paget’s disease of bone.

b. Central giant cell lesions as central giant cell granuloma))

8/Idiopathic((The roots of permanent teeth may undergo resorption without obvious cause.

U Premolan

• Mainly affect maxillary premolars.

Rarely affect mandibular incisors and molars))

Question 18

شكله
X ray/hp

Answer 18

Radiographic features:

Moth eaten radiolucency due to loss of tooth structure.

Histopathologic features:

• Numerous multinucleated odontoclasts located in the areas of resorption.

• Highly cellular, vascular granulation tissue with areas of calcification as attempts for repair (waved bone and osteodentine.

Question 19

Internal resorption

Answer 19

associated with pulpitis due to trauma or caries → inflammatory hyperplasia of the pulp.

routClinical features:

1. Pain this lesion is usually asymptomatic and discovered through routine radiographs.

وا ده زن ماهر

Pain may be reported if the process is associated with:

raduluscany

Pulpal inflammation,

Tooth perforation (coronal or radicular).

Tooth fracture.

Dentin

2. Course progressive or transient
3. Color when it affects the coronal dentine discoloration of an area of the crown through the overlying enamel. pink pinky spot as the vascular pulp is visible

Question 20

شكل internal resorption

Answer 20

Radiographic features:

Well defined (balloon like) radiolucent area in the dentine continuous with the pulp chamber or root canal.

Histopathologic features:

• Numerous multinucleated odontoclasts are seen. adjacent to the dentinal walls of the resorped areaлонг

shows:sbel m

The hyperplastic pulp tissue usually

a. Highly cellular vascular granulation tissue.

b. Inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, histiocytes and PMNLS).

Treatment:

✓ Endodontic therapy before the process perforates into the periodontal ligament.

✓ Once perforation occurs, therapy becomes more difficult and poor prognosis