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A Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic building block of proteins?

A

Amino acids.

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2
Q

True or False: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary energy currency of cells is ______.

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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4
Q

What process converts glucose into pyruvate?

A

Glycolysis.

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5
Q

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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6
Q

Which molecule carries genetic information?

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

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7
Q

What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

A

Protein synthesis.

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8
Q

Multiple Choice: Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin K C) Vitamin C D) Vitamin D

A

B) Vitamin K.

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9
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin?

A

To transport oxygen in the blood.

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10
Q

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

A

False.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which DNA is copied into RNA is called ______.

A

Transcription.

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12
Q

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

A

Energy production through ATP synthesis.

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13
Q

What type of bond connects amino acids in a protein?

A

Peptide bond.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a monosaccharide? A) Sucrose B) Glucose C) Lactose D) Starch

A

B) Glucose.

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15
Q

What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

A

To lower the activation energy.

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16
Q

True or False: All enzymes are specific to a single substrate.

A

True.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood.

A

Nephron.

18
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids.

19
Q

Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in the body?

A

Liver.

20
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a lipid? A) Cholesterol B) Triglycerides C) Insulin D) Phospholipids

A

C) Insulin.

21
Q

What is the main purpose of the citric acid cycle?

A

To generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

22
Q

True or False: Nucleic acids include both DNA and RNA.

A

True.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells.

A

Chloroplast.

24
Q

What is a substrate in the context of enzymatic reactions?

A

The reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon.

25
Q

Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide? A) Catalase B) Amylase C) Lipase D) Lactase

A

A) Catalase.

26
Q

What is the primary function of cholesterol in the body?

A

To maintain cell membrane structure and fluidity.

27
Q

True or False: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals.

A

True.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the powerhouse of the cell.

A

Mitochondria.

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