a Flashcards
problems in urban life: adaptation to overload-milgram: (6)
- allocation of less time to each input
- dis-regard of low-priority inputs
- non-verbal demonstrations of reserve
- superficial envolvements with others
- seeming incivility
- reduced span of sympathy
problems in urban life: physical environmental stressors: (3)
- visual blight
- poor air quality
- noise
positive aspects of urban life: sources of aesthetic pleasure -lofland:
perceptual innuendo unexpectedness whimsy historical layering/physical juxtaposition crowding/stimulus diversity/spectacle
+ sources of interactional pleasures: public solitude, public sociability, people watching, playfulness
positive aspects of contact w) natural nature? (3)
health benefits, developmental benefits, social benefits
what did the studie on leisure home owners show?
- men w. lh showed 42% lower odds on early retirement for health reasons than men without lh..the highest-ses-women had 64% higher odds
- men had 12,5 lower odds of early death, women didnt have lower odds when owning lh.
name some pathways by which nature is good for your health.
- attract people for exercise –> health
- attract people for social activity. social contact and support promotes health
- supports restoration processes –> health
what is restoration?
the process of renewing or recovering resources or capacities that have become depleted in meeting demands. a restorative environment is one that permits and promotes restoration.
vad bör en teori om restoration svara på?
- restoration från vad? (specifiera antecedenterna)
- restoration hur (specifiera de operativa faktorerna, mekanismerna)
- restoration av vad? (specifiera outcomesen av intresse)
- hur länge?
hur svarar ART på de 4 obligatoriska frågorna (från vad, hur, av vad,hur länge)?
- restoration från DAF
2 being away, fascination,extent, compatability - pretation på uppgifter som kräver riktad uppmärksamhet
- oklart
how does ulrich and his psychophysiological stress reduction theory answer to the 4 questions a theory must answer? (from what,how, of what, how long)
- restoration from psychophysiological stress
- environmental contents and properties of the visual array
- more positive affect, less negative affect, reduced physiological stress
- rapid
name a few general concerns in institutions
varying needs of different user groups, variable individual capacities, privacy, personal space choice and control/territory way-finding physical comfort
what are evidence-based designs?
designs for eg. institutional env. using empirical data.
evidence-based heathcare design to create env. that are therapeutic, supportive of family involvement, efficient for staff performance and restorative for workers under stress.
vilka är de fyra ideerna om människans roll i naturen?
resourcesism, preservationism, ecocentrism, deep ecology
sju teoretiska perspektiv på miljö-beteende-relation och främst dess begränsningar och påfrestningar..
- the arousal perspective
- the environmental load perspective
- the understimulation perspective
- the adaptation level theory
- the behaviour constraint model
- the environmental stress perspective
- barker’s ecological perspective
vad säger the adaptation level theory?
vi föredrar en optimal nivå av stimulans i tre kategorier: rörelse, sensorisk stimulering och social stimulering)
på dessa 3 kategorier vill vi uppnå optimal nivå på tre dimensioner:
intensitet, mångfald, mönster.
den optimala nivån är individuell och baseras på tidigare erfarenhet. en shift i optimalnivå för stimulering eller shift i affektiv eller kognitiv bedömning av ett stimulus kallas för adaptation.
man skiljer på adaptation och adjustment