A+ Flashcards
1
Q
4 steps to pipe lining
A
1.Fetch data
2.Decode data
3.Execute calculation
4.Write data and send back
2
Q
Ethernet speeds
A
1.10BaseT
2.100BaseT
3.1000BaseT
4.10GbaseT
3
Q
Speed of
1.10BaseT
2.100BaseT
3.1000BaseT
4.10GbaseT
A
1.10Mbps
2.100Mbps
3.1Gbps
4.10Gbps
4
Q
Star bus topology is
A
When all clients connect to a single box that takes care of sending frames to correct system
5
Q
UTP vs STP
A
They are copper wire used in networking but UTP is unshielded while STP is shielded
6
Q
What rating system is used for UTP and STP
A
CAT rating system
7
Q
Cat 1
A
Standard telephone line
8
Q
Cat 3
A
10Mbps speed
9
Q
Cat 5
A
100Mbps speed
10
Q
Cat 5e
A
Enhanced Cat 5 with 1Gbps and 2.5Gbps at 100 meters
11
Q
Cat 6
A
Supports 1Gbps and 2.5Gbps at 100 meters and 10Gbps at 55 meters
12
Q
Cat 6a
A
Supports 10 Gbps at 100 meters
13
Q
Cat 7
A
Supports 10Gbps at 100 meters with shielding for individual wire pairs reduces cross talk and noise problems
14
Q
What does the subnet mask do
A
It tells the NIC which part of the IPv4 is the network and which part is the personal identifier
15
Q
What range of addresses are private
A
- Block A, 172.16-31 Block B, 192.168 Block C
16
Q
What are the email ports for POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP
A
- port 110
- port 143
- port 25
17
Q
What are the email ports for the secured versions of POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP
A
1.port 995
2.port 993
3.port 465 and 587
18
Q
DDR3 and DDR3 SO-DIMM pin count
A
1.240
2.204
19
Q
DDR4 and DDR4 SO-DIMM pin count
A
1.288
2.260
20
Q
DDR5 and DDR5 SO-DIMM pin count
A
1.288
2.262
21
Q
How many extra bits does ECC RAM require
A
8 extra bits
22
Q
What is the 6 steps in the trouble shooting method
A
1.Identify the problem
2.Establish a theory of probable cause
3.Test theory to determine cause
4. Establish a plan of action to resolve problem and implement
5.Verify full system functionality and if applicable implement preventative measures
6.Document findings, actions, and outcomes
23
Q
USB 3.0
A
A version of USB that runs at 5 Gbps and uses cables up to 3 meters long. Also called SuperSpeed USB.
24
Q
USB 2.0
A
A version of USB that runs at 480 Mbps and uses cables up to 5 meters long. Also called Hi-Speed USB.
25
USB C
A USB connector that is flat with rounded sides and used by smartphones and tablets. The connector is required for USB 3.2 devices to attain maximum speeds.
26
Two main types of coax cables
RG-6 and RG-59
27
5 examples of connection types that enable device synchronization?
IEEE 802.11
IEEE 802.3
USB-C
Bluetooth
Cellular
28
Advantage(s) of VA LCDs?
Good color representation
Good viewing angles
High contrast ratios
29
Advantage(s) of IPS LCDs?
Excellent color representation
Wide viewing angles
30
3 LCD types of active-matrix technologies?
Twisted Nematic (TN) LCD
In Plane Switching (IPS) LCD
Vertical Alignment (VA) LCD
31
Advantage(s) of TN LCDs?
Fast response times
32
What is a digitizer?
Device that converts analog feedback into digital instructions
33
2 categories of fiber optic cable?
Multi-mode fiber
Single-mode fiber
34
What is Multi-mode fiber mainly used for?
Short-range communication
35
What is Single-mode fiber mainly used for?
Long-range communication
36
6 types of Internet Connections?
Satellite
Fiber
Cable
DSL
Cellular
WISP
37
What do Modems do?
Converts analog signals to digital signals & vice versa
38
What is broadband?
Form of communication that sends multiple data streams on a wire via different frequencies
39
What is a WISP?
ISP that wirelessly provides internet
40
What is a WAN?
Network of LANs connected with long-distance technologies
41
What is a LAN?
Network of devices within a localized area
42
What is a PAN?
Small network for device communication
43
Meaning of WPAN?
Wireless PAN
44
Meaning of MAN?
Metropolitan Area Network
45
What is a MAN?
Network of LANs within the same city/geographical area
46
What is a SAN?
Network to connect storage devices to servers within a LAN
47
What standards define WLAN protocols?
802.11 standards
48
What do address records do in DNS?
Link FQDNs with their IP addresses
49
What does DNS translate?
FQDNs (aka URLs)
50
What do MX records in DNS do?
Gives email servers the destination email server’s FQDN
51
What are TXT records used for?
Email security & verification
52
3 types of TXT records used for spam management?
DMARC
DKIM
SPF
53
Meaning of DMARC?
Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, & Conformance
54
Meaning of DKIM?
DomainKeys Identified Mail
55
Meaning of SPF?
Sender Policy Framework
56
What do SPF records in DNS do?
Specifies which email servers are allowed to send emails on behalf of a domain
57
What does DKIM in DNS do?
uses digital signatures to verify the authenticity & domain of origin of an email
58
What does DMARC do?
Specifies actions for unvalidated messages
59
When are DHCP leases renewed?
When device rejoins the network
60
Difference between a static IP address & a reservation?
Static IP address is configured at the client.
DHCP reservation is created at the server.
61
Where does DHCP get IP addresses from?
Preconfigured subnet pool
62
What is a VLAN?
Logical network segment created within a switch to control broadcast domains
63
What do VPNs do?
Creates a secure & encrypted connection over public networks
64
Main benefit of VPNs?
Remote users can connect to office networks as if they were on the office’s LAN
65
Configuration parameters needed to assign an IP address to device?
IP address
Subnet mask
Default gateway address
Primary DNS address
66
How do private IP addresses differ from public IP addresses?
By being internal to a network & not communicating directly to the Internet which provides protection/anonymity to client devices, ensures their re-use on other LANs, & conserves IPv4 addresses
67
How do private networks access the internet?
Using a gateway device
68
What is a gateway address?
A gateway device’s private IP address used for communication between networks
69
What type of addresses do SOHO routers have?
Private & dynamic public IP addresses for internal & Internet communication
70
What does NAT do?
Converts LAN device IP addresses to the gateway address as data crosses the gateway
71
Reserved Looback/localhost IPv4 address range?
127.
72
Reserved Link-local IPv4 address range?
169.254.
73
What is a loopback address?
IP address used for self-testing & internal communication within a device
74
Alternative to manual IP address assignment?
DHCP reservations
75
How do DHCP reservations reserve IP addresses for devices?
by configuring their MAC addresses in DHCP server
76
What do DNS servers maintain?
Records to perform their functions
76
What is a server?
Device that provides services to connected devices
77
What does it mean that DNS is a distributed naming system?
Responsibilties for managing DNS requests may be shared among multiple DNS servers
78
What can servers be?
Physical box or a VM located within the LAN or cloud.
79
What are NAS servers?
Type of file servers that connects directly to the network & has 1 or more storage drives
80
What is syslog?
Protocol that sends system logs to central logging server/collector
81
What is a UTM?
Device or software that consolidates network & security features
82
What are IDS & IPS used for?
To detect & thwart unauthorized access to a network
83
What do SCADA systems do?
Manage industrial machines by controlling their functions in real-time
84
What do 802.11 standards define?
wireless data transmission in small areas using unlicensed frequency bands
85
List 6 common IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi standards
802.11a
802.11b
802.11g
802.11n
802.11ac
802.11ax
86
What are frequency bands?
Ranges of radio waves used for wireless data transmissions
87
802.11 standards that ONLY use the 2.4GHz ISM band?
802.11b & g
88
802.11 standards that ONLY use the 5GHz UNII band?
802.11a & ac
89
802.11 standards that can use 2.4GHz ISM band & 5GHz UNII band?
802.11n & ax
90
what are non-overlapping channels?
channels in a frequency band that do not interfere with each other
91
What is NFC’s Read/write operation for?
To read/write data to NFC tags
92
What is NFC’s card emulation mode for?
To make NFC device act as a smart card
93
What is RFID technology used for?
To Identify & track objects using radio waves
94
What is NFC?
Near-field communication is a set of communication protocols that enables communication between two electronic devices over a distance of 4 cm or less
95
What do Wi-Fi analyzers do?
Identifies wireless networks & their associated channels/frequencies
96
What are toner probes used for?
To locate a cable amidst a bunch of cables
97
What does a loopback plug do?
Identifies switch port for RJ45 jack
Tests PC’s network adapter & TCP/IP
98
What does a cable tester do?
Verifies wire connections & continuity
99
3 types of ITX MOBO form factors?
Mini-ITX
Nano-ITX
Pico-ITX
100
4 types of expansion cards?
Sound card
Video card
Capture card
NIC
101
Meaning of GSM?
Global System for Multiple Communications
102
Meaning of CDMA?
Code Division Multiple Access
103
Meaning of WAP?
Wireless Access Point
104
Meaning of SIM & eSIM?
Subscriber Identity Module
Embedded SIM
105
Reason devices have a SIM/eSIM?
to connect & communicate with a specific cellular network service
106
How did GSM differ from CDMA?
GSM SIM cards could be transferred to another device with same or different provider
107
What is PRL?
Database containting info. about the provider’s radio bands, sub-bands, & service provider IDs
108
What is Bluetooth?
Wireless standard for transmitting data over short distances
109
What is MDM?
Software that allows to customize remote mobile devices
110
MDM allows admins to…
manage & secure mobile devices remotely from 1 admin console
111
What is MAM?
Software used to manage specific corporate mobile apps
112
USB speed
USB 1 at 12Mbps, USB 2 at 480Mbps, USB 3 at 5Gbps, and USB 3.1 at 10GPS.
113
In a Windows environment, this protocol is often associated with Active Directory for central management of a user database. What is this protocol called?
LDAP
114
What are the three standard rpm for hard drives
Standard drive disks move at a rotational speed of 5,400, 7,200, or 10,000 revolutions per minute (rpm).
115
What are the three types of "as a service"?
IaaS= Infrastructure as a service
PaaS= Platform as a service
SaaS= Software as a service
116
What does IaaS do?
Delivers IT infrastructure like compute, storage, and network resources on a pay-as-you-go basis over the internet but you are responsible for deploying, maintaining, and supporting your applications, and the IaaS provider is responsible for maintaining the physical infrastructure
117
What does PaaS do?
Complete development and deployment environment in the cloud, with resources that enable you to deliver everything from simple cloud-based apps to sophisticated, cloud-enabled enterprise applications.
118
What does SaaS do?
software delivery and licensing in which software is accessed online via a subscription, rather than bought and installed on individual computers.
119
What are the three IEEE standards that match with PoE,PoE+, and PoE++
PoE=IEEE 802.3af
PoE+=IEEE 802.3at
PoE++=IEEE 802.3bt
120
TCP vs. UDP
TCP is a connection oriented while UDP is a connection-less protocol
121
Name the connection oriented protocols
HTTPS, SSH, and TCP
122
Name the connection-less protocols
DHCP,TFTP. and UDP
123
What is a managed switch?
Managed switches let users adjust each port on the switch to any setting, enabling them to manage, configure and monitor the network in many ways
124
HTTP port
80
125
HTTPS port
443
126
FTP ports
20,21
127
Telnet
23
128
SSH port
port 22
129
RDP
3389
130
DNS port and protocol
UDP port 53
131
DHCP ports and protocol
UDP port 67,68
132
LDAP port and protocol
TCP 389
133
SNMP ports and protocol
UDP ports 161,162
134
SMB/CIFS ports and protocols
TCP 445
UDP ports 137,138,139
135
Netbios
TCP 137,139
UDP 137,138
136
What is APIPA?
If a computer cant connect to a DHCP server it will assign itself an address starting with 169.254 after checking no other system has that IP on the local network
137
What is significant about IPs starting with 169.254?
They indicate that the device couldn't connect to a DHCP server and that APIPA was activated
138
what is "People Don’t Need Those Stupid Packets Anyway"?
The layers of OSI
1.Physical
2.Data Link
3.Network
4.Transport
5.Session
6.Presentation
7.Application
139
Which protocols do you use to receive emails
IMAP or POP3
140
Standard hard drive form factors
2.5 inch and 3.5 inch
141
SSD standard form factors
2.5 inch, mSATA, and M.2
142
RAID 0
Disk striping requires two drives. no redundancy
143
RAID 1
Disk mirroring/duplexing requires two hard drives but can use any even number of drives. data is mirrored in two drives so there is redundancy but you use twice as much space
144
RAID 5
Disk striping with distributed parity requires three drives. Can lose one drive and keep data safe so it does have redundancy
145
RAID 6
Disk striping with extra parity requires 4 drives. can lose two drives and keep data safe so it has redundancy
146
RAID 1+0 or RAID 10
Nested, mirrored stripes requires 4 drives. It takes 4 hard drives and creates two RAID 1 arrays that look like singular drives to the raid controller then create a RAID 0 array with those two "drives". can lose up to 2 drives so it has redundancy
147
RAID 0+1
Opposite of RAID 10 with two RAID 0 "singular" drives created into a RAID 1 array
148
T568B color scheme
orange stripe, orange, green stripe, blue, blue stripe, green, brown stripe, brown
149
T568A color scheme
green stripe, green, orange stripe, blue, blue stripe, orange, brown stripe, brown
150
What is AAA?
AAA authenticates users, authorizes what they can and cant access and logs all of their actions for accountability
151
What two protocols power AAA?
RADIUS and TACACS+
152
What does an impact printer do?
Uses an ink ribbon to strike the papers surface
153
What does an ink jet printer do?
It uses a print head connected to a carriage that contains ink a carriage belt moves the paper back and forth so that the ink can cover the whole page. ink is ejected through tiny tubes onto the paper
154
What does a thermal printer do?
A heating element burns the special paper to create a image
155
What does a laser print do?
Has a toner cartridge that supplies the toner that creates the image. has a imaging drum that gets hit with light and gets electrically charged in the areas hit. The toner has a lower charge than the areas on the drum that get hit with the laser so it sticks to those areas while avoiding the ones that were not hit because they are even lower charged. The paper is then given a positive charge so that the toner is then transferred to it before it goes through the fuser that fuses the toner to the paper by using a heated roller on top and a pressure roller on bottom.
156
7 steps of laser printing
1.Processing
2.Charging
3.Exposing
4.Developing
5.Transferring
6.Fusing
7.Cleaning
