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Question 1

What is the recommended age to start yearly mammograms for women with a family history of breast cancer?

Answer 1

40 years old

Women ages 40 to 44 should have the choice to start annual breast cancer screening with mammograms.

Question 2

What diagnostic test is done to determine if a lump is a cyst or solid?

Answer 2

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

FNA is performed to see if a lump is a cyst or if it is solid.

Question 3

What is the purpose of lymphatic mapping in breast cancer diagnosis?

Answer 3

To identify the sentinel node for potential malignancy

This involves injecting a radioactive isotope into the tumor site to track lymphatic drainage.

Question 4

What percentage of breast cancers are diagnosed in women over 50 years of age?

Answer 4

80%

The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women older than 50.

Question 5

What are some primary prevention measures for breast cancer?

Answer 5

• Weight control
• Regular exercise
• Breastfeeding
• Prophylactic mastectomy for high-risk individuals

Question 6

What are BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes known for?

Answer 6

They are tumor suppressor genes linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

Mutations in these genes can lead to an increased risk of certain cancers.

Question 7

What is the most common location for breast cancer masses?

Answer 7

Upper Outer Quadrant

This is where most breast cancer masses are typically found.

Question 8

What is the significance of estrogen and progestin receptor testing in breast cancer?

Answer 8

It determines if the tumor is hormone-dependent

Tumors that respond to hormone manipulation therapy may indicate a better prognosis.

Question 9

What is the TNM classification system used for?

Answer 9

Staging breast cancer

It evaluates tumor size, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastasis.

Question 10

What is the typical post-operative care for a patient who has undergone a modified radical mastectomy?

Answer 10

• Elevate affected extremity
• Pain management
• Monitor for complications
• Promote mobility

Question 11

True or False: Monthly breast self-exams are no longer recommended for women starting at age 20.

Answer 11

True

Research has shown little benefit in survival rates from monthly breast self-exams.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The second major cause of cancer deaths in women is _______.

Answer 12

breast cancer

Question 13

What is involved in a modified radical mastectomy?

Answer 13

Removal of breast and axillary lymph nodes with preservation of the pectoralis muscle

This procedure may include breast reconstruction options.

Question 14

What are common symptoms to assess for breast cancer?

Answer 14

• Non-tender mass
• Changes in breast size or shape
• Skin dimpling
• Nipple discharge

Question 15

What is the purpose of chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment?

Answer 15

To target and kill cancer cells

Chemotherapy is individualized based on the patient’s specific cancer characteristics.

Question 16

What lifestyle factors can help reduce the risk of breast cancer?

Answer 16

• Regular physical activity
• Healthy diet
• Limiting alcohol intake

Question 17

What should patients avoid post-mastectomy to prevent complications?

Answer 17

• Heavy lifting
• Blood pressure readings on the affected arm
• Vigorous movements against resistance

Question 18

What is the significance of sentinel node removal during breast cancer surgery?

Answer 18

It helps determine the extent of cancer spread

The sentinel node is the first lymph node that cancer is likely to spread to.

Question 19

What are the types of breast cancer listed?

Answer 19

• Carcinoma in situ
• Lobular carcinoma in situ
• Ductal carcinoma in situ
• Invasive breast cancer
• Inflammatory breast cancer

Question 20

What does Stage O indicate in cancer staging?

Answer 20

In situ

This stage refers to cancer that is localized and has not invaded surrounding tissues.

Question 21

What is the diameter of a tumor classified as Stage I?

Answer 21

Less than 2 cm

This stage indicates an early form of cancer with a small tumor size.

Question 22

What characterizes Stage II in cancer staging?

Answer 22

Tumor is over 2 cm and has spread to the axillary lymph nodes

This indicates a more advanced stage with lymph node involvement.

Question 23

In Stage III A, how large is the tumor and what is its relation to lymph nodes?

Answer 23

Larger than 5 cm with lymph nodes that adhere to one another or the skin

This indicates significant local progression of the disease.

Question 24

What does Stage III B indicate about tumor spread?

Answer 24

Tumor has spread to the skin of the breast or chest wall

This stage represents further local advancement of cancer.

Question 25

What is the definition of Stage IV in cancer staging?

Answer 25

Regardless of size, tumor has spread to other organs (metastasis)

This stage signifies advanced cancer with distant spread.

Question 26

What is one key aspect to monitor after breast reconstruction?

Answer 26

Breast skin for signs of blood flow impairment, such as pallor or cyanosis

Monitoring blood flow is crucial for healing and recovery.

Question 27

What should be controlled after breast reconstruction?

Answer 27

Pain

Effective pain management is essential for recovery and patient comfort.

Question 28

What is a responsibility of the client after breast reconstruction regarding drainage?

Answer 28

Empty and record drainage from Jackson-Pratt drains

This helps in monitoring recovery and preventing complications.

Question 29

What is a goal for clients after breast reconstruction?

Answer 29

Assist with development of restored body image

This is important for emotional and psychological recovery.