Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Last minute spotter > :) > Flashcards

:) Flashcards

1
Q

What does first and second downward deflections on V1 LBBB represent? [2]

A

he first downward deflection represents the right ventricle, and the slightly delayed 2nd downward deflection corresponds to the depolarisation of the left ventricle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can you tell if ST elevation is significant? [1]

A

ST elevation is significant when it is greater than 1 mm (1 small square) in 2 or more contiguous limb leads or >2mm in 2 or more chest leads.​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State two causes of tracheal deviation towards [2] and away from [2] trachea

A
  • Towards: pneumonectomy or collapsed lung​
  • Away from: tension pneumothorax and pleural effusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This shows?

A

pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

.pneumoperitoneoum- perforation ​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

10-29% risk of CAD: What investigation is most appropriate?​

​

Angiography​

Full blood count​

Functional imaging – Stress echo​

CT calcium scoring​

Rule out non-cardiac causes of chest pain

A

10-29% risk of CAD: What investigation is most appropriate?​

​

Angiography 61-90%​

Full blood count​

Functional imaging – Stress echo 30-59%​

CT calcium scoring – measurement of calcium present in coronary arteries: assess degree of coronary artery disease​

Rule out non-cardiac causes of chest pain - <10%​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Postural hypotension is associated with?:​

SBP decrease by >10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg, DBP decrease by >10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg, DBP increase by > 10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >30mmHg, DBP decrease by >15mmHg​

​

A

Postural hypotension is associated with?:​

SBP decrease by >10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg, DBP decrease by >10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >20mmHg, DBP increase by > 10mmHg​

SBP decrease by >30mmHg, DBP decrease by >15mmHg​

​

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Draw a graph of up and down lung

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the name of this sign and what is it testing? [1]

A

Phalens sign: The Phalen maneuver is performed by having the patient hold both wrists in complete and forced flexion (pushing the dorsal surfaces of both hands together) for 30-60 seconds. This can increase the pressure in the carpal tunnel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What ligaments holds up the uterus to prevent it from prolapsing? [1]

A

cardinal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does cleft palate occur? [1]

A

Failure of palatal shelves to fuse (from maxillary prominences)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

internal thoracic artery is a branch of? [1]

A

the subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Carpal tunnel syndrome surgery. What do the surgeons have to cut through to get to the median nerve?
A

flexor retinaculum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the appendix?

A

(the junction of the lateral and middle thirds of a line joining the umbilicus with the right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Great sciatic foramen contents?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lesser sciatic foramen contents?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you calculate mean arterial pressure? [1]

A

MAP = DP + 1/3(SP – DP) or MAP = DP + 1/3(PP)

Where DP is the diastolic blood pressure, SP is the systolic blood pressure, and PP is the pulse pressure. This method is often more conducive to measuring MAP in most clinical settings as it offers a quick means of calculation if the blood pressure is known.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Order of vasculature and veins in intercostal groove? [3]

A

Vein, artery, nerve. The vein is the most superior, the artery is inferior to it, and then the intercostal nerve is the most inferior in the neurovascular bundle.
intercostal arteries which are branches of the descending aorta. The arteries have a thicker wall and so the blood in the lumen does not make them appear
dark as the veins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. collagen fibres
  2. smooth muscle
  3. hyaline cartilage
  4. elastic fibres
  5. elastic cartilage
A

Elastic fibres in the wall of the bronchiole are continuous with those in the surrounding interalveolar septa. Radial traction on these fibres helps to keep the a
open.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
A

anterior
interventricular
sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. muscularis propria
    (externa)
  2. lamina propria
  3. adventitia
  4. serosa
  5. submucosa
  6. muscularis mucosae
A
  1. muscularis propria
    (externa)
  2. lamina propria
  3. adventitia
  4. serosa
    5. submucosa
  5. muscularis mucosae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
A

in this cholangiogram the radioopaque dye has entered the duodenum (A is pointing to the 2nd part). The plicae circulares can be seen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A

masseter supplied
by mandibular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
A

periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

State 4 reasons why urine specific gravity might be riased in a urinanalysis [4]

A
  • Adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones (Addison disease)
  • Heart failure
  • High sodium level in the blood
  • Loss of body fluids (dehydration)
  • Narrowing of the kidney artery (renal artery stenosis)
  • Shock
  • Sugar (glucose) in the urine
  • Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

State 4 reasons for reduced urine specific gravity

A

Damage to kidney tubule cells (renal tubular necrosis)
Diabetes insipidus
Drinking too much fluid
Kidney failure
Low sodium level in the blood
Severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  1. fibrocollagenous
    tissue
  2. newly formed bone
  3. calcified cartilage
  4. hyaline cartilage
    (normal)
  5. bone marrow
A
  1. fibrocollagenous
    tissue
    2. newly formed bone
  2. calcified cartilage
  3. hyaline cartilage
    (normal)
  4. bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Brachial plexus

A

M: C5-7
A: C5-6
M: C5-T1
R: C5-T1
U: C8-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In this photograph of an atrioventricular valve, label A

A

anterior
papillary
muscle of
right
ventricle

The moderator band carries Purkinjie fibres from the interventricular septum
to the anterior wall of the right ventricle and to the anterior papillary muscle
of the tricuspid valve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Identify A on the MR angiogram of the heart and great vessels

A

left
ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
A

left common carotid arteryx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
A

posterior
papillary
muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

lung lesions - miliary TB
2. cardiomegaly
3. cavitations - pneumonia
4. hyperinflation COPD
5. pulmonary
hypertension

A

lung lesions - miliary TB
2. cardiomegaly
3. cavitations - pneumonia
4. hyperinflation COPD
5. pulmonary
hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
A

left pulmonary
artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Draw and label a kidney

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
A

1 Renal vein
2 Renal artery
3 Renal pelvis
4 Abdominal part of ureter
5 Major renal calyx
6 Cribriform area of renal papilla
7 Cortex of suprarenal gland
8 Medulla of suprarenal gland
9 Cortex of kidney
10 Medulla of kidney
11 Renal papilla
12 Minor renal calyx
13 Renal sinus
14 Renal columns
15 Fibrous capsule of kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q
A

Major calyx

38
Q
A

Major calyx

39
Q
A

Bile duct

40
Q
  1. membranous urethra
  2. prostatic urethra
  3. ejaculatory duct
  4. spongy urethra
A
  1. membranous urethra
41
Q
A

hepatic portal vein

42
Q
A

hepatic portal vein

43
Q
A

medullary ray

44
Q
A

Before 9 weeks, erythrocytes in early blood vessels are nucleated. Here
you see capillaries with these nucleated cells.

45
Q
A
  1. Cytotrophoblast
    shell

The cytotrophoblast shell is in contact with the maternal tissue (decidua
basalis) extending past the lacunae filled with maternal blood.

46
Q
A

suspensory
ligament

47
Q
A

Cytotrophoblast cells extend out of the villus to form branches in the
lacunae and also when invading into the endometrium. The
cytotrophoblast cells are stained brown in this preparation. If in contact
with maternal blood, the surface becomes covered by
syncytiotrophoblast.

48
Q
A

lung
hilum

49
Q
A

Macrophage

50
Q
  1. oesophagus
  2. stomach
  3. small
    intestine
  4. colon
A
  1. stomach
51
Q

ID B

A

head of
pancreas

52
Q
A

lymphocyte

53
Q
A
  1. 18.5 - 24
54
Q
A

right
superior
lobar
bronchus

The superior lobar bronchus supplies the superior lobe of the right lung.
The bronchus intermedius has a vertical route and divides into the middle
and inferior lobar bronchii.

55
Q
A
  1. plicae
    circulares
56
Q

A patient has a blood pressure of 120 mmHg systolic and 90 mmHg diastolic and a
cardiac output of 5 l/min.
What is the total peripheral resistance?

A

BP = CO X TPR

TPR: CO/BP

57
Q

Formula for BMI? [1]

A

Weight / Height^2 (Kg/m2)

58
Q

B?

A
  1. lamina of
    cricoid
    cartilage
  2. epiglottis
  3. tracheal
    ring
  4. ariepiglottic
    fold
  5. lamina of
    thyroid
    cartilage
59
Q
A

Monocyte

60
Q

ID B

A

Genioglossus

61
Q

ID A

A

plicae
circulares

62
Q
A

syncytiotrophoblast

63
Q
  1. chorion
  2. amnion
  3. stratum
    basalis of the
    endometrium
  4. decidua
    capsularis
  5. myometrium
  6. decidua
    basalis
A

The decidua basalis is the maternal part of the placenta derived from the endometrial tissue where the embryo implanted.

64
Q
A
  1. cell death
65
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the structures that form in the arrowed pharyngeal arch?

A
  1. cranial nerve V
    (mandibular
    branch)
66
Q

What stage of the endometrial cycle is depicted? [1]

A

The stratum functionalis of the endometrium has thin, straight glands in its early proliferative phase.

67
Q
  1. primordial
  2. secondary
    (antral)
  3. Graafian
  4. primary
  5. atretic
  6. growing
A
  1. growing

A growing follicle has several layers of granulosa cells associated with the large central oocyte.

A primary has one layer

68
Q

A?

  1. middle lobar
    bronchus of
    the right
    lung
  2. inferior
    lobar
    bronchus of
    the left lung
  3. inferior
    lobar
    bronchus of
    the right
    lung
  4. superior
    lobar
    bronchus of
    the left lung
  5. superior
    lobar
    bronchus of
    the right
    lung
  6. right main
    bronchus
A
  1. superior
    lobar
    bronchus of
    the left lung
69
Q
A

pulmonary
plexus

70
Q
A

The conjoint tendon makes up the main part of the medial portion of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

71
Q
A

transversus
abdominus

72
Q
A

hyaline cartilage

73
Q
A

thoracic

74
Q
A

1. A-band
2. M-line
3. Z-line
4. H-zone
5. I-band

75
Q
A

Tibia fractured

76
Q
A

ACh

77
Q
A

B

78
Q

Which structure passes along the groove labelled E

A

tendon for the long head of biceps

79
Q
A

iliopsoas

80
Q
A

lamina

81
Q
A

biceps tendon

82
Q

Identify the location of the tendon of flexor carpi radialis

A

E

83
Q
A

proliferating

84
Q
A
  1. osteoblasts
    2. osteoprogenitor cells
  2. chrondrocytes
  3. osteocytes
  4. osteoclasts
85
Q
A
  1. ciliary ganglion
86
Q
A

trochlear

87
Q

Which part of the large bowel is intraperitoneal?

A

Transverse colon

88
Q
A

Tragus

89
Q

Barrets osephagus shows what type of cancer? [1]

A

Barrett’s oesophagus is a condition where there is metaplasia of the cells in the lower portion of the oesophagus.

The stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus is replaced with simple columnar epithelium, similar to that found in the colon.

Barrett’s oesophagus can progress into adenocarcinoma.

90
Q

Anatomical snuff box?

A

Last minute spotter (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions