9th Jan Flashcards
How many people did a territory need to join the union
60,000
What is Manifest Destiny
Expansion was justified
Which country did America defeat to win the South West in 1848
Mexico
How did Mountain men encourage future travellers to go west
Gold
Name one way the Donner Party and other pioneers encouraged further development
letters back to east
Give three reasons why the Mormons were persecuted in the east
Economic competitiveness rise in land cost
What was the Perpetual Emigrating Fund
All expenses paid journey for new recruits to the Mormon religion
When was Gold discovered in California
24th jan 1848
Name 5 different ethnic groups that went west for gold
Chinese, eastern Anglo Americans, Mexicans, Europeans, freed slaves (African Americans
In what year did California become a state as a result of the Gold Rush immigration
1850
Give 5 different entrepreneurial jobs that developed as a result of the Gold Rush
prostitution, gambling, tool shops, b and bs, saloons (pub), bridge tolls, ferries, food, Levis jeans
Why were the Sioux nomadic?
Followed buffalo
Why was the tipi the perfect shelter for the Sioux? 2 reasons
Easy to take up and down quickly, easy to transport, used resources available (buffalo skin), cool
Why did the Sioux practise polygamy
Braves lost in hunting/war. Distinct gender roles (e.g. men hunted) meant that women and children of dead braves/warriors would be looked after
What did the Sioux usually go to war over?
Horse theft
Why did Sioux scalp their Eminems
Trophies
Did the Sioux own land
No
How did the chief get to his position
Chosen by council, elders
Why did the Sioux and American government find it difficult to negotiate who owned the Plains
Americans veiled in owning land unlike the Sioux
What was the Bureau of Indian Affairs
A government department
What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 set up?
A ‘Permanent Indian Frontier
When was the first Fort Laramie Treaty passed
1851
Name TWO terms of the first Fort Laramie treaty
Sioux promised not to attack
Who supported the ‘exterminator’ solution to the Indian problem
Westerners
What was the Homestead Act, 1862
160 acres of free land
Why did the government want settlement on the Great Plains? (two reasons
Unify America (especially after the start of the Civil War between the North and South), defeat the Sioux, deal with overcrowding (immigration) and high land prices in the eastern states
Give 2 reasons why the Transcontinental Railroad was built 1863-1869?
Unite USA east to west
How did the government pay the Railroad builders (Union Pacific and Central Pacific)?
Government grants after 40 miles of track built and 12,000 acres of land for every 1 mile of track built.
Which railroad company had to deal with Sioux attacks?
Union Pacific (from the east to the west across the Plains)
Why did the Sioux attack the railroad
Cut through buffalo hunting grounds, brought more settlers out west
The first Sioux war is known as the Cheyenne War, 1863-67. What caused it?
Some Cheyenne Sioux refused to live on reservations and attacked railroad, settlers, miners, ranchers etc
Why was Sandcreek (1864) a ‘massacre’?
700 soldiers of the Colorado militia attacked mostly women, children and elderly
What were the terms of the Second Fort Laramie Treaty, 1868? (name 3)
The government withdrew soldiers from the forts
Name two results of the Mountain Meadow Massacre
1858 - Mormons were pardoned and US Army stationed in Utah
How did Slavery cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Although there were many differences between the north and the south, slavery was the underlying cause
How did the 1860 Election cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
Nobody expected the Republican Abraham Lincoln to win, but the Democrats split in half
How did Secession cause the American Civil War 1861-65?
South Carolina and then Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Georgia and Texas voted to leave the Union and become the Confederacy. Lincoln would not let them leave a
The 1850 Compromise allowed California to join as a free state, but in exchange for what
The Fugitive Slave Act meant that Northern states must return any escaped slaves to the south
What was the 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act and how did it contribute to the war?
Let new states decide if they were slave free
Give3 reasons why the southern economy was more badly affected than the north
The south was agricultural, when men went off to fight plantations failed and profits were lost. The north had a navy and blocked trade to the south, this caused inflation and food shortages.
