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biology y9 > 9B-photosynthesis > Flashcards

9B-photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

photosynthesis

A

A process that plants use to make their own food

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2
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

CO2+H2O-C6H12O6+O2

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3
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

green pigment found in chloroplast

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4
Q

where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Chloroplast In mesophyll layers in leaves

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5
Q

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

A

light intensity
carbon dioxide concentrations
temperature

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6
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen from the air to release energy

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7
Q

what is the equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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8
Q

What is a xylem vessel?

A
  1. carries water and minerals
  2. only up
  3. no end walls
  4. dead outer cells
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9
Q

what is a phloem vessel?

A
  1. carries sugars such as glucose and sucrose
  2. two away movement
  3. end walls
  4. living outer cells but need support
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10
Q

How are roots adapted?

A

root hair cells increase overall surfaces area

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11
Q

water transportation

A

roots-stem-leaves

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12
Q

structure of plant

A 
waxy cuticle
upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll layer
spongy mesophyll layer
lower epidermis
guard cells
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13
Q

stomata

A

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

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14
Q

guard cells swollen or shrunken

A

when light-swollen=OPEN STOMA

when dark-shrunken=CLOSE STOMA

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15
Q

lipids and its uses

A

waxy cuticle- make it waterproof
make cell membranes
found in seed storage

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16
Q

Carbohydrates and its uses

A

GLUCOSE MOLECULES
stored as starch polymer
used to make cellulose
test for starch-IODINE SOLUTION (it will turn the orange solution into blue/black

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17
Q

proteins and its uses

A

proteins = large chain of amino acids
GLUCOSE+NITRATES-PROTEINS
enzymes-proteins
seeds contain store

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18
Q

what can be made from glucose?

A

STARCH
LIPIDS
CELLULOSE
PROTEIN

19
Q

What is protein synthesis?

A

the process of making proteins using DNA

20
Q

Germination

A

the sprouting of a seed

21
Q

what is needed for germination?

A

WOW
water
oxygen
warmth

22
Q

How does germination occur?

A
  1. water and oxygen enters
  2. entry of water allows molecules to allow reactions to occur-release enzymes
  3. enzymes break down starch and work faster with warmth
  4. glucose enters. embryo allowing it to respire and grow
23
Q

what is meant by yield?

A

the amount of useful product that is obtained from a crop

24
Q

How to get the maximum yield

A
  1. Irrigation
  2. fertiliser
  3. use of. machines-saw seeds
  4. pesticides?
25
Q

What are fertilisers?

A

substances containing essential nutrients to enhance crop production

26
Q

what is a natural fertiliser?

A

compost/manure

decomposers break down and releasee mineral salts

27
Q

what do artificial fertilisers include?

A

nitrates
phosphates
potassium
REMEMBER:cheap, effective

28
Q

what is a pest?

A

An organism that damages crops

29
Q

What is a pesticide?

A

chemical that kills pests

30
Q

what is an insecticide?

A

a chemical used to kill insects

31
Q

What is a herbicide?

A

a chemical that kills weeds

SELECTIVE-only kills broad- leaved plants

32
Q

What is a weed?

A

plant that is growing out of place or an unwanted plant

33
Q

What is eutrophication?

A

excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.

34
Q

How does eutrophication occur?

A
  1. fertiliser is sprayed onto crops
  2. fertiliser dissolves into ground by water
  3. Rain washes it down to lake
  4. growth of large amount. omg algae on surface
  5. algae block sunlight-plants in bottom of lake die (no photosynthesis)
  6. Algae on surface dies and sinks
  7. decomposers decompose while crying out respiration
  8. fish die due to lack of O2
35
Q

What are the negative effects of pesticides

A

Interference in food chains
bad for biodiversity
bad for pollination-death of insects
BIOACCUMULATION/BIOMAGNIFICATION (the building up of pesticides along food chain)
PERSISTENT- don’t break down in environment

36
Q

What is variety?

A

A group of plants bred to have similar traits.

37
Q

what is cross breeding?

A

the breeding of different varieties to produce offspring having best characteristics from each (hopefully)

38
Q

What is selective breeding?

A

When humans artificially select the plants that are going to breed so that the genes for particular characteristics remain in the population

39
Q

negatives of varieties

A

identical crops
reduce biodiversity
disease spreading

40
Q

What is the carbon cycle?

A
  1. respiration eg. trees
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. combustion
  4. Consumption
  5. death
  6. decomposition
  7. mining
41
Q

combustion

A

fuel+O2-CO2+H2O

42
Q

consumers

A

prey eaten by predator that moves carbon along food chain

43
Q

death and decay

A

dead biodegradable matter decomposed by bacteria and fungi and releases carbon into atoms.

biology y9 (1 decks)

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