9A & 9B Flashcards
Genetic Diversity:
Variation in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. It ensures adaptability and survival of species over time.
Gene Pool:
The total collection of genes and their variations within a population.
Importance of Genetic Diversity:
Promotes resilience to diseases, adapts to environmental changes, and reduces the likelihood of genetic disorders.
Sexual Reproduction:
Involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, resulting in offspring with a mix of genes from both parents.
Sexual reproduction methods in Plants:
Pollination: Transfer of pollen from male to female structures.
Fertilization: Union of sperm and egg cells.
Methods in Animals:
Internal Fertilization: Sperm fertilizes egg inside the female’s body.
External Fertilization: Eggs and sperm meet outside the body.
Oviparity vs. Viviparity:
Oviparity: Eggs are laid outside the body where they develop.
Viviparity: Offspring develop inside the mother’s body and are born live.
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction:
Increased genetic variation.
Better adaptation to changing environments.
Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction:
Requires more time and energy.
Fewer offspring produced at once.
Asexual Reproduction:
Involves a single organism producing offspring identical to itself without the involvement of gametes.
Binary Fission:
The organism splits into two equal halves, each becoming a new organism.
Types of Asexual Reproduction:
Budding, Fragmentation, Vegetative Propagation, Sporogenesis, Apomixis, Parthenogenesis
Budding
New individuals grow from an outgrowth of the parent.
Fragmentation
The organism breaks into pieces, each capable of growing into a new individual.
Vegetative Propagation
New plants grow from parts of the parent plant.
