9A

Question 1

what is gene pool

Answer 1

the complete set of alleles present within a particular population

Question 2

what is gene

Answer 2

a section of DNA that carries the code to make a protein

Question 3

what is allele

Answer 3

an alternate form of a gene

Question 4

what is population

Answer 4

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same location

Question 5

what is alleles frequency

Answer 5

the proportion of certain alleles in a gene pool

Question 6

what is phenotype

Answer 6

the physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism that are the result of gene expression and the environment

Question 7

genotype

Answer 7

the genetic composition of an organism at a particular gene locus

Question 8

genetic diversity

Answer 8

the variation in alleles within a population

Question 9

mutation

Answer 9

a permanent change to a DNA sequence

Question 10

mutagen

Answer 10

an agent that can cause mutations in DNA

Question 11

deleterious

Answer 11

used to describe alleles that have an overall negative effect on individual fitness when expressed

Question 12

heritability

Answer 12

the transmission from parent to offspring (i.e. encoded in genes)

Question 13

somatic cell

Answer 13

any cell in an organism that is not a germline cell

Question 13

germline cell

Answer 13

a cell involved in the generation of gamates in eukaryotes

Question 14

point mutation

Answer 14

a mutation that alters a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence

Question 15

block mutation

Answer 15

a mutation that affects a large chunk of DNA, or an entire gene.

Question 16

silent mutation

Answer 16

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the codon, but still coding for the same amino acid. therefore, there is no effect on protein structure.

Question 17

missense mutation

Answer 17

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the codon and coding for a different amino acid. therefore, there can potentially be an effect on protein structure.

Question 18

nonsense mutation

Answer 18

a mutation in which a nucleotide is substituted for another, changing the codon to a stop codon, prematurely ceasing translation of the gene’s mRNA. Therefore, there is an effect on protein structure.

Question 19

frameshift mutation

Answer 19

a mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of one ore two nucleotides, altering every codon from that point forward.

Question 20

degenerate

Answer 20

a property of the gentic code which means that a single amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon.

Question 21

reading frame

Answer 21

the order in which nucleotide triplets or codons are divided into a consecutive, non-overlapping sequence.

Question 22

aneuploidy

Answer 22

when a cell or organism varies in the usual amount of chromosomes in its genome by the addition or loss of a chromosome

Question 23

polyploidy

Answer 23

when an organism contains additional sets of chromosomes in its genome