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Y9 Biology > 9A > Flashcards

9A Flashcards

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1
Q

Genus

A

A group of of similar organisms. The genus name is the first word in the scientific name for the species (the second word is the ‘species name’). Different closely related species belong to the same genus.

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2
Q

Journal

A

A scientific magazine in which scientists publish their findings by writing articles called scientific papers.

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3
Q

Scientific paper

A

An article written by scientists and published in a science magazine called a journal. It is like an investigation report but usually shows the results and conclusions drawn from many experiments. Scientific papers are often just called papers.

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4
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that will also be able to reproduce

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5
Q

Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that will also be able to reproduce

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6
Q

Variation

A

The differences between things

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7
Q

Characteristic

A

A feature of an organism

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8
Q

Classification

A

Sorting things into groups

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9
Q

Continuous

A

Continuous data can take any value between two limits. examples include length, mass, time

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10
Q

Continuous variation

A

When the value of a variation is continuous, it shows ‘continuous variation’

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11
Q

Discontinuous

A

Data values that can only have one set number of options are discontinuous. Examples include shoe sizes and blood groups

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12
Q

Discontinuous variation

A

When the variable is discontinuous, it shows ‘discontinuous variation’

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13
Q

Environment

A

The conditions in a habitat caused by physical environmental factors and living organisms

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14
Q

Environmental factor

A

Anything that can change the conditions in a habitat or the organisms that live there

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15
Q

Environmental variation

A

Differences between organisms caused by environmental factors

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16
Q

Physical environmental factor

A

A non-living factor that can change the conditions in a habitat (e.g amount of light, rainfall)

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17
Q

Resource

A

Something that is needed by an organism. For example, plants need light as a resource and animals need food as a resource

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18
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete

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19
Q

Fuse

A

When two things join together to become one

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20
Q

Gamete

A

A cell used for sexual reproduction

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21
Q

Gamete

A

A cell used for sexual reproduction

22
Q

Genetic information

A

The inherited instructions that control your characteristics

23
Q

Inherit

A

A feature that an organism gets from a parent is inherited

24
Q

Inherited variation

A

Differences between organisms that are passed on to offspring by their parents in reproduction

25
Q

Normal distribution

A

If the value of a variable changes in a continuous way, it will often show a normal distribution. this mean that the middle values of the data range are most common and the values at the highest and lowest extremes are least common. This sort of data forms a bell shape on charts and graphs.

26
Q

Nucleus

A

The ‘control centre’ of a cell, where genetic information is found

27
Q

Offspring

A

The new organisms produced by reproduction

28
Q

Parent

A

An organism that has produced offspring

29
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Reproduction that needs two individuals to produce a new organism of the same type

30
Q

Zygote

A

Another term for ‘fertilised egg cell’

31
Q

Correlation

A

A relationship between two variables. If an increase in one variable appears to cause an increase in the other, it is a ‘positive’ correlation. An increase increase in one variable linked with a decrease in the other is a ‘negative correlation’

32
Q

Estimate

A

An approximate answer, often calculated from a sample or using rounded values

33
Q

Probability

A

The likelihood of something happening

34
Q

Sample

A

To take a small part of something to investigate. You use a sample to draw conclusions about what the large whole is like.

35
Q

Cell division

A

The splitting of a parent cell to form two identical daughter cells. The daughter cells both contain the same genetic information as the parent cell.

36
Q

Chromosome

A

A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule.

37
Q

DNA

A

A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

38
Q

Gene

A

Section of the long strand of DNA molecule found in a chromosome, which contains instructions for a characteristic.

39
Q

Sex chromosome

A

Chromosome that determines the sex of an organism. In humans, males have one X sex chromosomes and one Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. Male XY, Female XX. No one can survive with YY sex chromosomes.

40
Q

Adapted

A

If something has adaptions for a certain job or for survival in a particular place, it is said to be adapted to that job or place.

41
Q

Biodiversity

A

The range of different species of organisms in an area.

42
Q

Competition

A

There is competition between organisms that need the same resources as each other. We say that they compete for all those resources.

43
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the physical environmental factors and all the organisms that are found in a habitat

44
Q

Endangered

A

When a type of organism is in danger of ceasing to exist

45
Q

Extinct

A

An organism that longer exists is extinct

46
Q

Food web

A

Many food chains linked together, showing the floor of energy through organisms in a habitat

47
Q

Gene bank

A

Any facility that stores genetic material from different organisms (e.g seeds, gametes, tissue samples)

48
Q

Native

A

Naturally found in a certain area

49
Q

Evolution

A

A change in one or more characteristics of a population over a long period of time.

50
Q

Natural selection

A

A process in which an organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the species because it possessed a certain inherited variation.

Y9 Biology (1 decks)

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