9A

Question 1

Genus

Answer 1

A group of of similar organisms. The genus name is the first word in the scientific name for the species (the second word is the ‘species name’). Different closely related species belong to the same genus.

Question 2

Journal

Answer 2

A scientific magazine in which scientists publish their findings by writing articles called scientific papers.

Question 3

Scientific paper

Answer 3

An article written by scientists and published in a science magazine called a journal. It is like an investigation report but usually shows the results and conclusions drawn from many experiments. Scientific papers are often just called papers.

Question 4

Species

Answer 4

A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that will also be able to reproduce

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

A group of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce offspring that will also be able to reproduce

Question 6

Variation

Answer 6

The differences between things

Question 7

Characteristic

Answer 7

A feature of an organism

Question 8

Classification

Answer 8

Sorting things into groups

Question 9

Continuous

Answer 9

Continuous data can take any value between two limits. examples include length, mass, time

Question 10

Continuous variation

Answer 10

When the value of a variation is continuous, it shows ‘continuous variation’

Question 11

Discontinuous

Answer 11

Data values that can only have one set number of options are discontinuous. Examples include shoe sizes and blood groups

Question 12

Discontinuous variation

Answer 12

When the variable is discontinuous, it shows ‘discontinuous variation’

Question 13

Environment

Answer 13

The conditions in a habitat caused by physical environmental factors and living organisms

Question 14

Environmental factor

Answer 14

Anything that can change the conditions in a habitat or the organisms that live there

Question 15

Environmental variation

Answer 15

Differences between organisms caused by environmental factors

Question 16

Physical environmental factor

Answer 16

A non-living factor that can change the conditions in a habitat (e.g amount of light, rainfall)

Question 17

Resource

Answer 17

Something that is needed by an organism. For example, plants need light as a resource and animals need food as a resource

Question 18

Fertilisation

Answer 18

Fusing of a male gamete with a female gamete

Question 19

Fuse

Answer 19

When two things join together to become one

Question 20

Gamete

Answer 20

A cell used for sexual reproduction

Question 21

Gamete

Answer 21

A cell used for sexual reproduction

Question 22

Genetic information

Answer 22

The inherited instructions that control your characteristics

Question 23

Inherit

Answer 23

A feature that an organism gets from a parent is inherited

Question 24

Inherited variation

Answer 24

Differences between organisms that are passed on to offspring by their parents in reproduction

Question 25

Normal distribution

Answer 25

If the value of a variable changes in a continuous way, it will often show a normal distribution. this mean that the middle values of the data range are most common and the values at the highest and lowest extremes are least common. This sort of data forms a bell shape on charts and graphs.

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

The ‘control centre’ of a cell, where genetic information is found

Question 27

Offspring

Answer 27

The new organisms produced by reproduction

Question 28

Parent

Answer 28

An organism that has produced offspring

Question 29

Sexual reproduction

Answer 29

Reproduction that needs two individuals to produce a new organism of the same type

Question 30

Zygote

Answer 30

Another term for ‘fertilised egg cell’

Question 31

Correlation

Answer 31

A relationship between two variables. If an increase in one variable appears to cause an increase in the other, it is a ‘positive’ correlation. An increase increase in one variable linked with a decrease in the other is a ‘negative correlation’

Question 32

Estimate

Answer 32

An approximate answer, often calculated from a sample or using rounded values

Question 33

Probability

Answer 33

The likelihood of something happening

Question 34

Sample

Answer 34

To take a small part of something to investigate. You use a sample to draw conclusions about what the large whole is like.

Question 35

Cell division

Answer 35

The splitting of a parent cell to form two identical daughter cells. The daughter cells both contain the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Question 36

Chromosome

Answer 36

A structure found in the nuclei of cells. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule.

Question 37

DNA

Answer 37

A substance that contains genetic information. Short for deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 38

Gene

Answer 38

Section of the long strand of DNA molecule found in a chromosome, which contains instructions for a characteristic.

Question 39

Sex chromosome

Answer 39

Chromosome that determines the sex of an organism. In humans, males have one X sex chromosomes and one Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. Male XY, Female XX. No one can survive with YY sex chromosomes.

Question 40

Adapted

Answer 40

If something has adaptions for a certain job or for survival in a particular place, it is said to be adapted to that job or place.

Question 41

Biodiversity

Answer 41

The range of different species of organisms in an area.

Question 42

Competition

Answer 42

There is competition between organisms that need the same resources as each other. We say that they compete for all those resources.

Question 43

Ecosystem

Answer 43

All the physical environmental factors and all the organisms that are found in a habitat

Question 44

Endangered

Answer 44

When a type of organism is in danger of ceasing to exist

Question 45

Extinct

Answer 45

An organism that longer exists is extinct

Question 46

Food web

Answer 46

Many food chains linked together, showing the floor of energy through organisms in a habitat

Question 47

Gene bank

Answer 47

Any facility that stores genetic material from different organisms (e.g seeds, gametes, tissue samples)

Question 48

Native

Answer 48

Naturally found in a certain area

Question 49

Evolution

Answer 49

A change in one or more characteristics of a population over a long period of time.

Question 50

Natural selection

Answer 50

A process in which an organism is more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the species because it possessed a certain inherited variation.