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Earth Science Regents > "99 ways to pass regents" > Flashcards

"99 ways to pass regents" Flashcards

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1
Q

When a substance is cut in half, their density does what?

A

It ALWAYS stays the same

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2
Q

As pressure increases, density _______?

A

INCREASES

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3
Q

As temperature increases, density _______?

A

DECREASES

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4
Q

Water expands when it ________?

A

FREEZES

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5
Q

Most changes in the environment are _______

A

CYCLIC

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6
Q

What is the true shape of the Earth

A

OBLATE SPHEROID

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7
Q

The best model of the Earth’s shape is a ______

A

SPHERE

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8
Q

The altitude of Polaris equals your ______ in the Northern Hemisphere

A

LATITUDE

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9
Q

To determine the Earth’s circumference, Erastothenes used the ____ of the sun from two different locations

A

ALTITUDE

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10
Q

Latitude is measured in degrees North and South of the Equator and they run _________

A

HORIZONTALLY

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11
Q

Longitude is measured in degrees East and West of the prime meridian and they run _______

A

VERTICALLY

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12
Q

Longitude is based on observations of the Sun which determines what?

A

YOUR TIME

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13
Q

Every place to the right (on a globe) will be further _______ in their time (ahead or behind)

A

AHEAD

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14
Q

The closer isolines are, the gradient or slope will be ______ (lower or greater)

A

GREATER

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15
Q

Isobars stand for ______

A

PRESSURE

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16
Q

Isotherms stand for _______

A

TEMPERATURE

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17
Q

Contour lines stand for

A

ELEVATION

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18
Q

Lunar eclipse is the eclipse of the _____ (moon or sun)

A

MOON

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19
Q

Solar eclipse is the eclipse of the ______ (moon or sun)

A

SUN

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20
Q

When the Sun, Earth, and Moon line up, _____ tides are produced (spring, summer, fall)

A

SPRING

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21
Q

The earth is tilted on its axis at _____ degrees

A

23.5

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22
Q

Earth’s tilted axis, Earth’s revolving around Sun, Earth’s axis always points in same direction is evidence for why we have ______

A

SEASONS

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23
Q

Summer solstice = _________

A

JUNE 21

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24
Q

On the summer solstice, the sun’s rays are most direct at the Tropic of ________

A

CANCER

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25
Q

Winter solstice = ____________

A

DECEMBER 21

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26
Q

On the winter solstice, the sun’s rays are most direct at the Tropic of ___________

A

CAPRICORN

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27
Q

March 21 is the ____ equinox

A

VERNAL

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28
Q

September 22/23 is the ________ equinox

A

AUTUMNAL

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29
Q

When does every location on Earth receive 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of darkness?

A

EQUINOXES

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30
Q

Day length at the equator is close to _____ hours

A

12

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31
Q

The lower the angle of the sun the ______ the shadow is

A

LONGER

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32
Q

The Earth’s eccentricity is called a ________

A

SLIGHT ELLIPSE

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33
Q

This measures how elliptical an orbit is: ______

A

ECCENTRICITY

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34
Q

The earth is closest to the sun during which season?

A

WINTER

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35
Q

The earth is farthest away from the sun during which season?

A

SUMMER

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36
Q

What is it called when the earth is closest to the sun (perihelion or aphelion)

A

PERIHELION

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37
Q

What is it called when the earth is farthest from the sun (perihelion or aphelion)

A

APHELION

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38
Q

The closer a planet is to the sun their gravitational force and orbital speed are _______ (lesser or greater)

A

GREATER

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39
Q

What is the word for an earth-centered universe

A

GEOCENTRIC

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40
Q

What is the word for a sun-centered universe (what we use today)

A

HELIOCENTRIC

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41
Q

Dark and rough surfaces _______ sunlight (absorb or reflect)

A

ABSORB

42
Q

Light and smooth surfaces __________ sunlight (absorb or reflect)

A

REFLECT

43
Q

Energy transfer through molecule-to-molecule collisions/ DIRECT CONTACT

A

CONDUCTION

44
Q

Energy transfer in fluids (air and water) due to DENSITY differences

A

CONVECTION

45
Q

Energy transfer through SPACE - doesn’t require a medium

A

RADIATION

46
Q

Does heat energy move from high to low or low to high temperatures?

A

HIGH TO LOW

47
Q

Energy of motion - This increases as velocity increases

A

KINETIC ENERGY

48
Q

Energy due to position or state - increases with height

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY

49
Q

There is no temperature change during a ______ change

A

PHASE

50
Q

The sun heats the Earth which then reradiates _______ radiation to the air

A

INFRARED

51
Q

As wavelength increases, frequency ______

A

DECREASES

52
Q

These gases: carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor, absorb infrared radiation and are called ________ gases

A

GREENHOUSE

53
Q

A good absorber of insulation is also a good ______

A

RADIATOR

54
Q

Warm air ________ (rises or falls)

A

RISES

55
Q

A high pressure area is ____(and)_______

A

COOL AND DRY

56
Q

A low pressure area is _____(and)_______

A

WARM AND WET

57
Q

In high pressure areas, wind blows outwards and ________ (clockwise or counterclockwise)

A

CLOCKWISE

58
Q

In low pressure areas, wind blows inwards and ________ (clockwise or counterclockwise)

A

COUNTER-CLOCKWISE

59
Q

High pressure areas are regions of ________ (divergence or convergence)

A

DIVERGENCE

60
Q

Low pressure areas are regions of _________ (divergence or convergence)

A

CONVERGENCE

61
Q

An anemometer measures _______

A

WIND SPEED

62
Q

A barometer measures _______

A

AIR PRESSURE

63
Q

A wind vane measures _______

A

DIRECTION

64
Q

If air pressure is below 500, add a _____ to the front

A

10

65
Q

If air pressure is above 500, add a _____ to the front

A

9

66
Q

This front has high pressure and heavy rain/storms

A

COLD FRONT

67
Q

This front has low pressure and light but steady rain

A

WARM FRONT

68
Q

Cold fronts move _______ than warm fronts (faster or slower)

A

FASTER

69
Q

What is the name for the amount (%) of empty space available for water

A

POROSITY

70
Q

________ is the ability to transmit water

A

PERMEABILITY

71
Q

As particle size increases, permeability _______

A

INCREASES

72
Q

What is the name for the movement of water against gravity?

A

CAPILLARITY

73
Q

_________ is the force behind all erosion

A

GRAVITY

74
Q

__________ is the most powerful form of erosion today

A

RUNNING WATER (STREAM)

75
Q

Stream velocity is ______ on the outside of a stream than the inside

A

GREATER

76
Q

Heavy, dense, and rounded particles settle (first or last)

A

FIRST

77
Q

Sedimentary rocks form in _______ layers (flat or rigged)

A

FLAT

78
Q

True or false: stream deposits are sorted rounded and smooth

A

TRUE

79
Q

Valleys eroded by riVers are what shape?

A

V-SHAPED

80
Q

_______ deposits are unsorted and scratched

A

GLACIAL

81
Q

Valleys eroded by glaciers are what shape?

A

U-SHAPED

82
Q

Fast cooling igneous rocks causes them to be ______ (extrusive or intrusive)

A

EXTRUSIVE

83
Q

Slow cooling igneous rocks causes them to be ______ (extrusive or intrusive)

A

INTRUSIVE

84
Q

Mineral properties depend on the internal arrangement of ______

A

ATOMS

85
Q

P-waves travel _______ than S-waves and arrive ______

A

travel FASTER and arrive FIRST

86
Q

_____ waves travel only through solids and can’t travel through Earth’s outer core

A

S-WAVES

87
Q

What states that oldest rocks are on the bottom?

A

LAW OF SUPERPOSITION

88
Q

Intrusions or faults are ______ than the rock they are in/touch

A

YOUNGER

89
Q

What is the name for a buried, erosional surface

A

UNCONFORMITY

90
Q

Carbon-14 is used to date more recent or older things?

A

MORE RECENT

91
Q

_____ currents in the mantle are believed to move continental plains

A

CONVECTION

92
Q

Volcanoes and earthquakes most commonly occur at _________

A

PLATE BOUNDARIES

93
Q

Smaller stars live _____

A

LONGER

94
Q

As stars move up the ______________ they become older, bigger, brighter and hotter

A

MAIN SEQUENCE

95
Q

_____ is the only star that appears to remain stationary in the sky

A

POLARIS

96
Q

An ______ fossil is one that lived for a short period of time but was widely distributed throughout the earth

A

INDEX

97
Q

The _______ is estimated to be around 13-15 billion years old

A

UNIVERSE

98
Q

We can learn about the history of the universe by studying ____________________ radiation

A

COSMIC BACKGROUND

99
Q

It is believed the dinosaurs went extinct because of a _________/______________ impact with the earth

A

METEORITE/ASTEROID

100
Q

Rocks are made of _______ while minerals are made of ___________

A

rocks are made of MINERALS, minerals are made of ELEMENTS

Earth Science Regents (1 decks)

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