97b - Behavioral Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Mood and motivation are attributed to [state/channel] network functions

Answer 1

Mood and motivation are attributed to state network functions

Many different cortical areas play a role; deficits are usually attributed to interference with neurotransmitter pathways

Question 2

A legion in which location (connector, or hub) is likely to cause the largest disruption in modularity scores?

Answer 2

Connector

Small legions in connectors can have large effects on cognition

Question 3

What regions of the brain, if damaged, can cause a complete change in personality and judgement without impairing other cognitive areas?

Answer 3

Prefrontal cortex

(ex: prefrontal cortical damage)

Question 4

What is the function of the salience mode network?

Abnormal connectivity is seen in which psychiatric disorders?

Answer 4

Contents of emotional experiences

Abnormal connectivity in:

• Fronto-temporal dementia
• Schizophrenia
• Depression

Question 5

Arousal is attributed to [state/channel] network functions

Answer 5

Arousal is attributed to state network functions

(Deficits cannot be localized to one cortical area)

ARAS is not cortical

Question 6

List the 5 relevant channel networks

Are deficits localizable to discrete cortical areas?

Answer 6

1. Language
2. Learning and memory
3. Visuospatial perception
4. Executive function
5. Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills

Deficts ARE localizable to specific cortical (or subcortical regions)

Damage to one area doesn’t necessarily affect the others

Question 7

Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills are attributed to [state/channel] network function

Answer 7

Emotional regulation and social-interpersonal skills are attributed to channel network function

Deficits are localizable to the amygdala, orbitofrontal components of the prefrontal cortex, or the cingulate gyrus

(Note: emotional regulation is not mood; mood and motivation are state network functions w/deficits usually due to neurotransmitter interference)

Question 8

Learning and memory are attributed to [state/channel] network functions

Answer 8

Learning and memory are attributed to channel network functions

Deficits can be localized to the hippocampus/Papez circuit

Channel = can be localized to a specific brain region

Question 9

Which 3 brain networks have high significance to psych disorders?

Answer 9

• Central executive network
  
  • Executive function
• Salience network
  
  • Emotional experiences
• Default-mode network
  
  • Memory and internal thought

Question 10

What is the function of the default mode network?

Abnormal connectivity is seen in which psychiatric disorders?

Answer 10

• Memory and internal thought
  
  • Reminiscing about the past
  • Planning for the future

Abnormal connectivity in:

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Depression
• Schizophrenia

Question 11

List the 2 relevant state networks

Are deficits localizable to discrete cortical areas?

Answer 11

1. Wakefulness, arousal, attention
2. Mood, motivation

Deficits are not localizable to discrete cortical areas

Cortical damage must be diffuse to affect arousal (ARAS is not a cortical area)

Question 12

Language deficits can result from damage to which regions?

Answer 12

• Left hemisphere perisylvian region
  
  • Includes Broca’s area (production) and Wernicke’s area (comprehension)
• Pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus
• Basal ganglia

Question 13

Describe some of the effects of damage to the prefrontal cortex

Answer 13

Impulsive/automatic behaviors

Poor planning, judgement, decision making

Question 14

Executive functions are attributed to [state/channel] network function

Answer 14

Executive functions are attributed to channel network function

Deficits are localizable to the prefrontal cortex

Question 15

Visuospatial perception is attributed to [state/channel] network function

Answer 15

Visuospatial perception is attributed to channel network function

Deficits can be localized to the ventral (temporal) or dorsal (parietal) regions

Question 16

Deficits in visuospatial perception may be caused by damage to which two neuroanatomical networks?

Answer 16

“What” pathway (ventral pathway, temporal lobe)

“Where” pathway (dorsal pathway, parietl lobe)

Question 17

Language is attributed to [state/channel] network function

Answer 17

Language is attributed to channel network function

Damage is localizable to the left hemisphere periSylvian region (Broca and Wernicke)