963-967 & 967-973 Flashcards
Prime minister of Japan
Hideki Tojo
How did Hideki Tojo view war with U.S. before WWII
Tojo believed war with the US was “inevitable”
Japanese naval commander
Yamamoto
What did Yamamoto think about war with the US?
Yamamoto knew japan couldn’t win
What did Yamamoto say about the significance of pearl harbor?
“Decide fate of the war on the first day with a fatal attack”
Nov. 5 1941 - Japan asks FDR to end trade embargo or________
“face conflict”
US Secretary of State says Japan must ____ before it lifts the embargo
Corden Hull → Japan must remove troops from China
“Crooked as a barrel of fish hooks”
Hull
(about japan)
Where did FDR’s “War Cabinet” think Japan would attack next?
Philippines or Singapore
Date of Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941
What was destroyed during PH?
How many killed/wounded
8/8 warships
11 ships
2400 killed
1200 wounded
At the same time Japan attacks PH, they also attack other US & British allies/bases. Which?
US: Philipines, Guam, Wake Islands
British: Singapore, HK, Malaya
What 2 things made Japans attack on Pearl Harbor less successful?
Japan failed to destroy Failed to destroy maintenance and oil buildings
Japan failed to destroy aircraft carriers they recently left
What movement does PH end
US isolationism movement
“I fear we have only succeeded in waking a sleeping tiger”
yamamoto
How long does it take the senate to approve a “state of war”
25 mins
Who declares war on the US after they declare war on Japan.
3 days later, Germany & Italy declare war on U.S.
“Half Judaized/Negrified”
Hitler about the US
“It is impossible for us to lose the war”
hitler
Legislation that boosted executive power, allowing FDR to re-organize and create new agencies. Allowed FDR to regulate. business/industry & created censorship
War Powers Act (1941)
Who (age) is drafted for WWII?
How many serve?
Men 18→45 drafted.
16 million serve, including several hundred thousand women
Average age & height of a US soldier
26 years old
and 5’8 tall
How many soldiers attended college/high school
1/10 attended college
1/4 graduate high school
Hitler ignorant of US industrial potential, calling Americans these LA steryotypes
“beauty queens and millionaires”
In 1942, how does US war production compare to the Axis powers?
US war production > Germany, Italy, Japan combined
What does Stalin say about US production?
“US production w/o which we would have lost”
Legislation that converted industries for war
War Production Board (1942)
US cars production during war
1941 –> 3 million cars made
only 134 cars made in the next 4 years
In 1945 what % of the world goods does the US manufactures
US manufactures 50% of world goods
How much $ did the War cost ?
$3 trillion. (In today’s $)
Revenue Tax Act (1942) “Victory Tax”
Used to pay for the war.
In 1939, 4 mill (5% of workers) pay tax. Act makes 75% of workers now pay tax.
By the end of the war, 90% of workers pay tax
How many workers pay tax in 1939 vs after Revenue Tax Act (1942)
1939 - 4 million (5% workers) pay tax → 75% taxpayers
By the end of the war what % of workers pay tax
90% of workers paid tax
What % of war costs are covered by taxes from 1939 to 1946?
How did they pay for the rest?
From 1939 to 1946 taxes covered 45% military costs
Paid for the rest with $ from $185 Billion war bond campaign
Taxes covered some of the war cost. How did the US pay for the rest.
The rest of the money was from a $185 Billion war bond campaign which paid interest to purchasers
By the end of WWII how had the national debt increased?
National debt increased by 6x
During the war, what happens to the federal govt?
In what ways did it grow?
federal govt grows:
- 12 new agencies
- Federal workers 4x
- 1 → 4 million
How was employment changed due to the war?
What happened to unemployment rates?
People left their jobs to join the military, so jobs were plentiful.
Unemployment went from 14% → 2% (1940→1943)
How many move for new job opportunities during the war?
24 Million Americans move for jobs
many to the west coast
What happened to the price of consumer goods during ww2? How did the govt react?
prices rise.
Congress creates Office of Price Administration (1942) – sets price ceilings
Office of Price Administration
(1942) – sets price ceilings
prices are “frozen” so basics are rationed
In attempts to promote patriotism and overlook rationing, what sayings are created?
American families become a “fighting unit on the home front”
“Save your stuff to make us tough”
“Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do without”
“Save your scraps to beat the Japs”
What do Americans collect for the war effort?
Metal, tin foil, rubber, and cardboard for military
What specific item were households asked to save? what was made from this item?
Cooking fat (glycerin) to make bombs
How much do prices rise in ww2 compared to ww1?
Consumer prices rise 31% (they rose 62% during WWI)
What jobs do housewives now work?
housewives → welders/riveters
How many rural southern farmers move to cities?
What do farmers join?
3.5 mill. rural southern farmers move to cities.
Farmers join industrial unions.
What government program is created so women can work full time
Federal national day care → women/mothers can work
Agency/group of army women
350,000 serve in the Women’s Army Corps (WAC)
Women Navy
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES)
similar to navy
who says “war calls women of America for production skills”
Sidney Hillman
What does Sidney Hillman say about working women
“war calls women of America for production skills”
How many women join the civilian workforce?
8 mill women join workforce
What promotional ad is launched to recruit women for “male”jobs
“Rosie the Riveter” named after Rosina Bonavita
Riveters work on planes
How many AAs leave the south for better opportunities?
How many join the industrial workforce?
500,000 AAs leave the South for opportunities
1 mill join the industrial workforce
As AA’s leave the south for military production jobs how do black populations shift
Black populations in western cities rise (LA/Seattle)
What southern industry that employs share croppers is stimulated by the war
Southern textile mills employ poor sharecroppers
How many army camps are located in the South?
what does it do for local economies
60/100 army camps in the South which transform local economies
During the war, what happens to rural populations in America?
Rural population decreases 20%
Joe Louis (AA heavyweight champ) – “Lots of things wrong w/ America
Hitler ain’t going to fix them”
1 mill AAs serve during WWII
AAs are segregated
excluded from combat units
Stimson (sec. of war) – “leadership not embedded in the negro race”
1944 - Eisenhower creates 52 platoons with 50 AAs each
commanded by a white officer
Need for more troops + pressure from AAs and Elanor Roosevelt
“Greatest” thing for AAs since 13/14/15th Amendment
Tuskegee Airmen – 600 AA pilots. Flew 15
000 missions
Ironically
migrant workers are recruited due to rural people moving west
Bracero program (1942) - Mexico agrees to provide 200
000 farmworkers on 1 year contracts
300
000 Mexican-Americans serve in war. Highest % Medal of Honor of any minority
“Zoot Suit Riots” (1943) –
off duty soldiers rampage LA and assault minorities
______Supported war effort more than any other group. ______ of eligible natives served
Native Americans
⅓
Integrated w/ white units.
______ nisei forced to __“war relocation camps” in _____.
only given ___ hrs warning
120,000 nisei forced to 10 “war relocation camps” in the remote west.
only given 48 hrs warning
FDR’s Executive Order 9066
when?
what did FDR say about it?
What % affected were US citizens
How many J.Americans serve?
1942
a “military necessity”
70% affected were US citizens.
39k serve
Government finally recognized the injustice in
1983, granting $20,000 each
