9.5 Crude Oil Refining Flashcards
What is crude oil?
the petroleum that is pumped directly from the ground
What do longer chains indicate?
Longer chains mean higher boiling point and less ability to flow, less flammable, and less volatile.
Physical Crude oil refining
Fractional Distillation
Chemical Crude oil refining
Cracking
What is fractional distillation?
- As separation occurs the fractions are collected
-Different bp levels allow for separation
What is cracking?
larger molecules broken down using heat/catalyst
3 parts of cracking
1) Thermal: Temperature (carbon/coke)
2) Catalytic: uses Catalyst _c
3) Hydrocracking: Uses the combination of catalytic and hydrogenation
How can crude oil be separated by fractional distillation?
The oil is evaporated and the hydrocarbon chains of different lengths condense at different temperatures
In Fractionation, what happens to compounds with higher boiling points?
The compounds with a higher boiling point remain as a mixture of asphalts and tars.
What cause low boiling points?
Low boiling points are due to small molecules, which have fewer electrons and therefore weaker London forces compared to large molecules.
What is solvent extraction?
solvent is added to selectively dissolve and remove an impurity or to separate some useful products from the mixture
What are 2 chemical processes for oil refining?
1)cracking
2)reforming
Why is Catalytic reforming important?
-Converts low grade gasoline to higher grades.
-Make larger hydrocarbons for synthetic lubricants.
Catalytic Cracking
Larger molecules—> smaller molecules+carbon
Hydrocracking
Larger molecules+hydrogen—> smaller molecules
