Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS 9 G: GENITOURINARY SYSTEM > 9.3 Urological Disorders > Flashcards

9.3 Urological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney disjunction can cause

A

(Alters normal function)

Filtration failure

Hypertension, water retention

Metabolic acidosis

Anaemia

Vit s deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Filtration failure

A

Accumulation of waste substance

Haematuria and proteinuria

Low serum protein (albumin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammatory urine disorder causes

A

Inflammation (cystitis)

Non infective causes - metabolic (diabetic nephropathy) or immunological (neohritic and nephrotic syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of obstructive urinary disorders

A

Stones

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Developmental or genetic causes of urinary disorders

A

Polycystic kidneys, horseshoe kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Locations for an infection in inflammatory urine disorders

A

Bladder (cystitis)

Kidney (pyelonephritis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Potential pathogens in infectious inflammatory urine disorder

A

Bacteria

Virus and fungal in immune compromised patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An infectious cause of inflammatory urine disorde

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment and management of uti

A

Antibiotics (common E. coli)

Pain control

Supportive - hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Immunological cause of inflammatory urine disorde and how is it presented

A

Antibodies or inflammatory cells

Clinical oresentation - neohritic and nephrotic syndromes, proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glommeduloneohritis

A

Inflammation of microscopic filtering units of the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organs affected by immunogocial inflammatory urine disorders

A

Kidney only

Kidney and lung

Multiple organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diagnosis of immunological inflammatory urine disorders

A

History and physical examination
Urine test
Blood test
Imagine US
Kidney biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nephrotic syndrome is an example of what type of urine disorder

A

Immunological inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Presentation of nephritic syndrome

A

Haematuria

Possible proteinuria

Hypertension, reduced urine output

Increased urea and creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urine dipstick for neohritic

A

Blood possible protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Blood test for neohritic

A

Kidney function (GFR reduced)

Immunology test (autoantibodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kidney biopsy in nephritic

A

IgA nephropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Physical examination in neohritic findings

A

Raised blood pressure

No oedema

Inflamed something

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IgA nephropathy

A

Present in nephritic kidney biopsy

Deposition of IgA antibody in kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatment of IgA nephropathy

A

Supportive - treat hypertension and reduce proteinuria (angiotensin receptor inhibitor or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and reduce sodium intake

Immunotherapy - renal replacement therapy

22
Q

Renal replacement therapy

A

Kidney transplantation or dialysis

23
Q

Organ specific immunological inflammatory urine disorde

A

Kidney and lung - anti glomerular basement membrane antibody mediated

24
Q

Systemic disease immunological inflammatory urine disease

A

Multiple organ - SLE or vasculitis

25
Q

Metabolic cause for inflammatory urine disorder

A

Diabetic nephropathy

26
Q

Diabetic nephropathy

A

Inflammation and fibrosis

Cause of chronic kidney disease and failure

27
Q

Risk factors for diabetic nephropathy

A

Poor diabetic control

Hypertension

Smoking

28
Q

Clinical feature of diabetic nephropathy

A

Proteinuria
Microalbuminuria

Association with other complications of diabetes (retinopathy and neuropathy)

29
Q

Treatment and management of diabetic nephropathy

A

Optimised diabetic control and hypertension treatment

Reduce proteinuria (angiotensin receptor inhibitor and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor)

Stop smoking

Renal replacement therapy

30
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A

Immunological cause of inflammatory urine disorder

Peripheral oedema
Severe porteinuria
Low serum albumin
Variable amount of Haematuria

31
Q

Frothy urine linked with

A

Nephrotic

32
Q

Physical examination of nephrotic

A

Oedema

33
Q

Investigation findings in nephrotic

A

Protein in urine

Low serum albumin conc in blood

High urine protein : creatinine ration

34
Q

Treatment of nephrotic

A

Immunotherapy

Prevention of thrombosis (antiocoagulant)

Diuretic

35
Q

Minimal change glomerulopathy has risk of

A

Thrombosis

36
Q

Obstructive condition causing urine disorde

A

Stones

37
Q

Possible locations of stones

A

Kidney
Ureter
Bladder

38
Q

Clinical presentation of stones

A

Pain in abdomen and lower back

Blood in urine

Associated with urine infection

39
Q

Physical examination in stones

A

Tenderness of loin and lower abdomen

40
Q

Treatment of stones

A

Supportive - pain control and hydration

Specific treatment - shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nepholithomoty

41
Q

What do specific treatment of stones depend on

A

Size and location of stones

Fitness of patient for general anaesthetics

ty of local expertise

42
Q

Shockwave lithotripsy

A

High energy US waves to break large kidney stones to smaller ones

43
Q

Ureteroscopy

A

Through urethra, bladder and ureter

44
Q

Percutaneous neohrolithotomy

A

Small percutaneous incision, insertion of neohroscope and stone is removed

45
Q

Developmental or genetic condition causing urine disorder

A

Polycystic kidney disease

Horseshoe kidney

46
Q

Types of polycystic kidneys

A

Neonatal (autosomal recessive)

Adults onset (autosomal dominant)

Some without family hisotyr

47
Q

Consequences of polycystic kidney disease

A

OSS of kidney function

Pain

Bleeding into renal cysts

Infection of renal cysts

Can be asymptomatic

48
Q

Treatment of polycystic kidney disease

A

Slow down cyst formation with v2 receptor antagonist

Treat hypertension and infection

Pain control

Renal replacement therapy

49
Q

How do we know if the patient has horseshoe kidney

A

Imagine of abdomen / pelvis

50
Q

Consequences of horseshoe kidney

A

Increased risk of obstruction, stones and infection

BRS 9 G: GENITOURINARY SYSTEM (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions