9.3 Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles

Question 1

What is trachea(windpipe)

Answer 1

the tube like structure that extends from the larynx to the bronchi; it allows movement of air into and out of lungs

Question 2

What airway is found from the throat to the lungs?

Answer 2

trachea

Question 3

What is found at the base of trachea

Answer 3

two bronchi

Question 4

What is a bronchus

Answer 4

A major branch of trachea that extends into the lungs

Question 5

What is a bronchiole

Answer 5

A microscopic branch of a bronchus that lead to the alveoli

Question 6

The bronchi..

Answer 6

subdivide and branch extensively forming a bronchial ‘tree’ in each lung

Question 7

Terminal bronchi divide to form

Answer 7

Even narrower respiratory bronchials that supply the alveolar ducts with air

Question 8

What is cartilage?

Answer 8

A type of skeleton tissue that is strong and flexible

Question 9

Where is cartilage found?

Answer 9

Supporting the larynx, trachea and bronchi in the gas exchange system
At the joints between bones
In the external ear

Question 10

What does cartilage do in trachea and bronchi?

Answer 10

Keep these airways open and air resistance low
Prevent them from collapsing or bursting as the air pressure changes during breathing

Question 11

What does cartilage look like in trachea?

Answer 11

It is a regular arrangement of C- shaped rings

Question 12

What does cartilage look like in bronchi?

Answer 12

There are irregular blocks of cartilage

Question 13

How are the delicate surfaces inside the lungs prevented from desiccation(drying out)?

Answer 13

As air flows through the nose and the trachea, it is warmed to the body temperature and moistened by evaporation from the lining.

Question 14

The lungs also need to be protected from the material carried in the air as they are potential threat to the proper functioning of the lungs. What are the materials?

Answer 14

Dust, sand, pollen, fungal spurs, bacteria, and viruses

Question 15

How are air particles larger than 5 to 10 µm prevented from entering the lungs

Answer 15

They are caught on the hair inside the nose and the mucus lining the nasal passages and other airways.

Question 16

What produces the mucus in trachea and bronchi?

Answer 16

The goblet cells of the ciliated epithelium

Question 17

What are goblet cells?

Answer 17

A cell shaped like a drinking goblet that secretes mucus

Question 18

Where are goblet cells found?

Answer 18

In the epithelia lining part of the gas exchange system and other organ systems. Example: reproductive and digestive

Question 19

What is the ciliated epithelium?

Answer 19

An epithelium that consist of many ciliated cells.

Question 20

The upper part of each gobet cell is swollen with

Answer 20

Mucin droplets which have been secreted by the cell

Question 21

What is mucin?

Answer 21

Any glycoprotein that forms part of the mucus secreted by goblet cells and mucuos cells

Question 22

What is mucus?

Answer 22

It is a slimy solution of mucin which is composed of glycoproteins with many carbohydrate chains

Question 23

What is the role of glycoprotein with many carbohydrate chains in mucus?

Answer 23

They make the mucus sticky and able to trap inhaled particles

Question 24

Apart from mucin, the rest of the goblet cell contains

Answer 24

Golgi body,some rough endoplasmic reticulum,mitochondria and a nucleus

Question 25

The lower part of the goblet cell is

Answer 25

Thin so that the cell resembles a drinking vessel known as goblet

Question 26

Apart from goblet cells, what else produces mucus?

Answer 26

Mucous glands beneath the epithelium

Question 27

What happens when some chemical pollution such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide enter the airway?

Answer 27

They can dissolve in mucus to form an acidic solution that irritates the lining of airway

Question 28

Between the goblet cells are

Answer 28

Ciliated epithelial cells

Question 29

What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 29

The continual beating of their cilia carries the layer of mucus upwards towards the larynx at the speed of about 1 cm/m

Question 30

What happens when the mucus reaches the top of the trachea by the beating of cilia in the ciliated epithelial cells?

Answer 30

Is usually swallowed so that pathogens are destroyed by the acid in the stomach

Question 31

Bronchioles are surrounded by

Answer 31

Smooth muscles

Question 32

What is the function of smooth muscle surrounding the bronchioles?

Answer 32

The contract or relax to adjust the diameter of the bronchioles. This means during exercise the muscles relax to allow a greater flow of air to the alveoli.

Question 33

Which makes the contracting and relaxing of bronchioles by smooth muscles possible

Answer 33

The absence of cartilage

Question 34

What patrols the surfaces of the airways scavenging small particles such as bacteria and fine dust particles?

Answer 34

Phagocytic white blood cells known as macrophages

Question 35

What happens during an infection in the airways?

Answer 35

The macrophages are joined by other phagocytic cells which leave the capillaries to help remove pathogens