9.3- GENETIC DIVERSITY AND ADAPTATION

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

section of DNA that codes for one polypeptide

Question 2

What do all members of the same species have?

Answer 2

same genes

Question 3

How do organisms of the same species differ?

Answer 3

in combinations of alleles

Question 4

What is genetic diversity described as?

Answer 4

total number of different alleles in a population

Question 5

What is a population?

Answer 5

group of individuals of same species that live in same place and can interbreed

Question 6

What does a species consist of?

Answer 6

one, or more, populations

Question 7

How can there be greater genetic diversity of a species?

Answer 7

the greater the number of different alleles that all members of species possess, greater the genetic diversity of that species

Question 8

How is genetic diversity reduced?

Answer 8

when species has fewer different alleles

Question 9

What is more likely, the greater the genetic diversity?

Answer 9

more likely that some individuals in population will survive an environmental change

Question 10

Why is it that the greater the genetic diversity, the more likely that some individuals in population will survive an environmental change?

Answer 10

because of wider range of alleles + so wider range of characteristics

Question 11

What does a wider range of alleles + so wider range of characteristics give?

Answer 11

greater probability that some individuals will possess characteristic that suits it to new environmental conditions

Question 12

What is genetic diversity a factor for enabling?

Answer 12

enables natural selection to occur

Question 13

Are all alleles of a population equally likely to be passed on to next generation?

Answer 13

no

Question 14

Why are not all alleles of a population equally likely to be passed don to next generation?

Answer 14

only certain individuals reproductively successful + so pass on their alleles

Question 15

What does differences between reproductive success of individuals affect?

Answer 15

allele frequency in populations

Question 16

What will there be within any population of species? #1 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 16

gene pool containing wide variety of alleles

Question 17

What can happen within the gene pool #2 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 17

random mutation of alleles within gene pool may result in new allele of gene which is most cases will be harmful

Question 18

What can happen in certain environments with the new allele #3 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 18

new allele of gene might give its possessor advantage over other individuals in population

Question 19

When an allele mutated and it gives its possessor advantage, what can that individual do? #4 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 19

these individuals will be better adapted + so more likely to survive in their competition with others

Question 20

How are the individuals with the new allele better adapted? #5 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 20

more likely to obtain available resources + so grow more rapidly and live longer
so will have better chance of breeding successfully + producing more offspring

Question 21

Who will pass on their alleles to the next generation? #6 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 21

only those individuals that reproduce successfully will pass on their alleles to next generation

Question 22

So what is it that gave the parents the advantage in the competition of survival? #7 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 22

new allele that gave parents advantage in competition for survival that’s most likely to be passed on to next generation

Question 23

What happens as the new individuals also have the new ‘advantageous’ allele? #8 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 23

in turn more likely to survive, + so reproduce successfully

Question 24

What would happen over many generations with the new ‘advantageous’ allele? ‘#9 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 24

number of individuals with new, ‘advantageous’ allele will increase at expense of individuals with ‘less advantageous’ alleles

Question 25

What happens overtime to the frequency of the new ‘advantageous’ allele? #10 (reproductive success and allele frequency)

Answer 25

frequency of new ‘advantageous’ allele in population increases while that of ‘non-advantageous’ ones decrease

Question 26

What does what is ‘advantageous’ depend upon?

Answer 26

environmental conditions at any one time