9.3

Question 1

Conquistador

Answer 1

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Question 2

Colony

Answer 2

1.
a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.
synonyms:

Question 3

Mercantilism

Answer 3

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

historical

Question 4

Balance of trade

Answer 4

the difference in value between a country’s imports and exports.

Question 5

The compass

Answer 5

an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.

Question 6

Joint stock company

Answer 6

A company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Question 7

Triangular trade

Answer 7

a multilateral system of trading in which a country pays for its imports from one country by its exports to another.

Question 8

Colombian exchange

Answer 8

The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. Exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life.

Question 9

Middle passage

Answer 9

the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Question 10

Treaty of tordesillas

Answer 10

An agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.

Question 11

Henry the navigator

Answer 11

1394-1460, Portuguese prince. First European royal to heavily promote discovery and exploration. Motivated by mercenary as well as missionary factors. Seeking to promote Portugese economic interests (challenging Muslim monopoly of gold trade) and to further Christian influence. Hope to find the kingdom of Prince Henry promoted settlement of islands in the Atlantic and exploration of the African coast. Founded the school for navigators at Sagres at the southwestern tip of Portugal.

Question 12

Christopher Columbus

Answer 12

Christopher Columbus was an Italian explorer, navigator, colonizer, and citizen of the Republic of Genoa. Under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, he completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 13

Vasco de gama

Answer 13

Vasco da Gama, 1st Count of Vidigueira, was a Portuguese explorer and the first European to reach India by sea. W