9.3

Question 1

Conquistadors

Answer 1

a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Question 2

Colony

Answer 2

a country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.

Question 3

Mercantilism

Answer 3

the economic theory that trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, which a government should encourage by means of protectionism.

Question 4

Balance of Trade

Answer 4

the difference in value between a country’s imports and exports.

Question 5

Joint Stock Company

Answer 5

a company whose stock is owned jointly by the shareholders.

Question 6

The compass

Answer 6

A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic “cardinal directions”, or “points”. Usually, a diagram called a compass rose, shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as abbreviated initials.

Question 7

Triangular Trade

Answer 7

used to refer to the trade in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that involved shipping goods from Britain to West Africa to be exchanged for slaves, these slaves being shipped to the West Indies and exchanged for sugar, rum, and other commodities, which were in turn shipped back to Britain.

Question 8

Middle Passage

Answer 8

The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were shipped to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

Question 9

Columbian Exchange

Answer 9

The Columbian Exchange was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage.