9.2 - Rocks Flashcards
any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods
Minerals
the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle
Lithosphere
a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle
magma
material broken down by weathering and erosion that is moved by wind or water and collects in layers
sediments
elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust
native elements
geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.
crystals
appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light. A mineral can appear glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant.
Lustre
colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile
Streak
a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals. Diamond has a hardness rating of 10 and can scratch other minerals with a lower hardness rating.
Hardness
the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents
Erosion
denoting rocks composed of broken pieces of older rocks.
Clastic
types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of small particles and subsequent cementation of mineral or organic particles on the floor of oceans or other bodies of water at the Earth’s surface
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
form from the accumulation and lithification of organic debris, such as leaves, roots, and other plant or animal material
Organic Sedimentary Rocks
preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age
Fossils
