9.2

Question 1

What is classification? (1)

Answer 1

(1) organisation of living organisms into groups

Question 2

What is a species? (2)

Answer 2

(1) a group of similar organisms
(2) that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 3

What is the order of the taxons? (8)

Answer 3

(1) domain
(2) kingdom
(3) phylum
(4) class
(5) order
(6) family
(7) genus
(8) species

Question 4

Define taxonomy. (1)

Answer 4

(1) the theory & practice of biological classification

Question 5

What are the 2 main forms of biological classification? (2)

Answer 5

(1) artificial classification
(2) natural classification

Question 6

Explain how artificial classification is done. Give an example. (2)

Answer 6

(1) dividing organisms according to analogous characteristics
(2) e.g. number of legs, leaf shape, colour, size, etc.

Question 7

What are relationships in a natural classification based on? Explain how natural classification is done. (1+3)

Answer 7

(1) they’re based on homologous characteristics
(2) observing evolutionary relationships between organisms & their ancestors
(3) classifying species into groups using shared features derived from their ancestors
(4) arranging the groups into a hierarchy

Question 8

Define a hierarchy. (2)

Answer 8

(1) small groups organised within larger groups…
(2) with no overlap

Question 9

“Phylum” , “class” , “kingdom” are known as… (1)

Answer 9

Taxons

Question 10

What is phylogeny? (2)

Answer 10

(1) the evolutionary relationships…
(2) between organisms (not ancestors)

Question 11

In a phylogenetic tree, the closer the branches are to each other…

Answer 11

The more closely related the organisms are to each other