9.17.15_Clinical Medicine_Vocab-Table 1

Question 1

Gravida

Answer 1

a woman’s status regarding pregnancy; that is, how many pregnancies she has had (including the one that may be current, regardless of whether it resulted in a live birth or births). Example: Gravida 1- had one pregnancy, Gravida 2- had two pregnancies

Question 2

Parity

Answer 2

the number of times a woman has given birth (greater than 20 weeks gestation), whether live or still born; multiple births such as twins or triplets count as one birth

Question 3

Primigravida

Answer 3

a woman is who is pregnant for the first time

Question 4

Multipara

Answer 4

a woman who has given birth two or more times

Question 5

Proband

Answer 5

the first affected person in a family seeking medical attention for a potential genetic disorder; this person is indicated by an arrow on a pedigree

Question 6

Consultand

Answer 6

an individual, who is not necessarily affected, who presents for genetic counseling

Question 7

El Ab

Answer 7

Elective Abortion; this is the termination of pregnancy before a fetus can survive outside the uterus (usually before 20 weeks gestation). This abortion can be for reasons other than maternal health or fetal disease

Question 8

TOP

Answer 8

Termination of Pregnancy; interruption of pregnancy before 24 weeks gestation

Question 9

ETOP

Answer 9

Elective Termination of Pregnancy; pregnancy is interrupted before week 24 of gestation at the woman’s request, this may be for reasons other than maternal health or fetal disease

Question 10

SAB

Answer 10

Spontaneous abortion; also known as miscarriage, it is the loss of pregnancy without outside intervention before 20 weeks gestation. If death occurs after 20 weeks of gestation, it is known as fetal demise or stillbirth. Spontaneous abortion may require that women expel all conception products; this can be completed with a D&C (Dilation and Curettage), which helps prevent infection or heavy bleeding. This is a brief surgical procedure that removes tissue in the uterus following miscarriage or abortion

Question 11

SB

Answer 11

Spina Bifida; a neural tube defect of the spine such that the spinal cord and/or its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. This is caused by the failure of the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development. There are three main types of Spina Bifida: myelomeningocele, meningocele, and Spina Bifida Occulta. Myelomeningocele is the most severe and is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled sac containing part of the damaged spinal cord and nerves in the opening of the baby’s back; this can cause paralysis of the lower limbs. Meningocele is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled sac in the opening of the back that does not contain the spinal cord; this only causes minor disabilities. Finally, Spina Bifida Occulta, which is the mildest form, occurs when there is a small gap in the spine that rarely causes any disabilities

Question 12

A&W

Answer 12

Alive and Well; an individual who is living and healthy

Question 13

CHD

Answer 13

Congenital Heart Defect: A problem with the heart’s chambers, valves or blood vessels that develops before birth; a child can be born with one or multiple problems

Question 14

Hcide

Answer 14

Homicide; deliberate killing of one person by another

Question 15

Scide

Answer 15

Suicide; intentionally causing one’s own death

Question 16

CAD

Answer 16

Coronary Artery Disease; oxygen-rich blood travels through the coronary arteries to the heart, coronary artery disease represents the damaged or diseased state of these arteries. Inflammation and plaque (a cholesterol-containing, waxy substance) build-up on the inside wall of the coronary arteries usually cause this disease. As plaque builds up over time, blood flow to the heart is restricted; this can result in chest pain or shortness of breath.

Question 17

IDDM

Answer 17

Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 diabetes); this is a chronic condition where little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone required for the entry of glucose into cells, once in the cell, glucose could be converted to energy. Untreated individuals with this condition have abnormally high blood glucose levels; as such, they must monitor their blood sugar frequently and take insulin.

Question 18

DM

Answer 18

Diabetes Mellitus; disorder where individuals have unusually high blood glucose levels. This is because insulin (the hormone responsible for glucose entry into cells) is absent or not present in large enough quantities. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes represents a situation where the pancreas produces little or no insulin; whereas individuals with Type 2 diabetes still produce insulin but the body develops a resistance to it. Gestational diabetes is a subcategory of Type 2 diabetes.

Question 19

NOS

Answer 19

Not Otherwise Specified; a subcategory in systems of disease or disorder classification. This is often used in cases where a patient presents symptoms that are sufficient to make a general diagnosis, but a specific diagnosis cannot be made (Example: DD-NOS; depressive disorder, not otherwise specified)

Question 20

MCA

Answer 20

Multiple Congenital Abnormalities; for MCA to be appropriate the same person must have two or more different major, or 3 or more minor congenital abnormalities (that is, errors in morphogenesis)

Question 21

Pt

Answer 21

Patient

Question 22

Hx

Answer 22

History; a record of past events that may be relevant to a patient’s current health

Question 23

Bx

Answer 23

Biopsy: tissue removed from the body is examined to determine the cause or extent of disease

Question 24

r/o

Answer 24

Rule Out

Question 25

f/u

Answer 25

Follow Up; further observation or treatment of a patient, often used to monitor earlier treatment

Question 26

Open Q

Answer 26

A question that cannot be answered with yes or no and requires more thought and elaboration

Question 27

Closed Q

Answer 27

A question in which responders are given a list of answers to choose from