9.17.15_Clinical Medicine_Vocab-Table 1 Flashcards
Gravida
a woman’s status regarding pregnancy; that is, how many pregnancies she has had (including the one that may be current, regardless of whether it resulted in a live birth or births). Example: Gravida 1- had one pregnancy, Gravida 2- had two pregnancies
Parity
the number of times a woman has given birth (greater than 20 weeks gestation), whether live or still born; multiple births such as twins or triplets count as one birth
Primigravida
a woman is who is pregnant for the first time
Multipara
a woman who has given birth two or more times
Proband
the first affected person in a family seeking medical attention for a potential genetic disorder; this person is indicated by an arrow on a pedigree
Consultand
an individual, who is not necessarily affected, who presents for genetic counseling
El Ab
Elective Abortion; this is the termination of pregnancy before a fetus can survive outside the uterus (usually before 20 weeks gestation). This abortion can be for reasons other than maternal health or fetal disease
TOP
Termination of Pregnancy; interruption of pregnancy before 24 weeks gestation
ETOP
Elective Termination of Pregnancy; pregnancy is interrupted before week 24 of gestation at the woman’s request, this may be for reasons other than maternal health or fetal disease
SAB
Spontaneous abortion; also known as miscarriage, it is the loss of pregnancy without outside intervention before 20 weeks gestation. If death occurs after 20 weeks of gestation, it is known as fetal demise or stillbirth. Spontaneous abortion may require that women expel all conception products; this can be completed with a D&C (Dilation and Curettage), which helps prevent infection or heavy bleeding. This is a brief surgical procedure that removes tissue in the uterus following miscarriage or abortion
SB
Spina Bifida; a neural tube defect of the spine such that the spinal cord and/or its meninges are exposed through a gap in the backbone. This is caused by the failure of the neural tube to close properly during embryonic development. There are three main types of Spina Bifida: myelomeningocele, meningocele, and Spina Bifida Occulta. Myelomeningocele is the most severe and is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled sac containing part of the damaged spinal cord and nerves in the opening of the baby’s back; this can cause paralysis of the lower limbs. Meningocele is characterized by the presence of a fluid-filled sac in the opening of the back that does not contain the spinal cord; this only causes minor disabilities. Finally, Spina Bifida Occulta, which is the mildest form, occurs when there is a small gap in the spine that rarely causes any disabilities
A&W
Alive and Well; an individual who is living and healthy
CHD
Congenital Heart Defect: A problem with the heart’s chambers, valves or blood vessels that develops before birth; a child can be born with one or multiple problems
Hcide
Homicide; deliberate killing of one person by another
Scide
Suicide; intentionally causing one’s own death
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease; oxygen-rich blood travels through the coronary arteries to the heart, coronary artery disease represents the damaged or diseased state of these arteries. Inflammation and plaque (a cholesterol-containing, waxy substance) build-up on the inside wall of the coronary arteries usually cause this disease. As plaque builds up over time, blood flow to the heart is restricted; this can result in chest pain or shortness of breath.
IDDM
Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 diabetes); this is a chronic condition where little or no insulin is produced by the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone required for the entry of glucose into cells, once in the cell, glucose could be converted to energy. Untreated individuals with this condition have abnormally high blood glucose levels; as such, they must monitor their blood sugar frequently and take insulin.
DM
Diabetes Mellitus; disorder where individuals have unusually high blood glucose levels. This is because insulin (the hormone responsible for glucose entry into cells) is absent or not present in large enough quantities. There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes represents a situation where the pancreas produces little or no insulin; whereas individuals with Type 2 diabetes still produce insulin but the body develops a resistance to it. Gestational diabetes is a subcategory of Type 2 diabetes.
NOS
Not Otherwise Specified; a subcategory in systems of disease or disorder classification. This is often used in cases where a patient presents symptoms that are sufficient to make a general diagnosis, but a specific diagnosis cannot be made (Example: DD-NOS; depressive disorder, not otherwise specified)
MCA
Multiple Congenital Abnormalities; for MCA to be appropriate the same person must have two or more different major, or 3 or more minor congenital abnormalities (that is, errors in morphogenesis)
Pt
Patient
Hx
History; a record of past events that may be relevant to a patient’s current health
Bx
Biopsy: tissue removed from the body is examined to determine the cause or extent of disease
r/o
Rule Out
f/u
Follow Up; further observation or treatment of a patient, often used to monitor earlier treatment
Open Q
A question that cannot be answered with yes or no and requires more thought and elaboration
Closed Q
A question in which responders are given a list of answers to choose from
