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C9- GROUP 2, THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS > 9.1- THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 2 > Flashcards

9.1- THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GROUP 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are elements in Group 2 sometimes called?

A

alkaline earth metals

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2
Q

Why are elements in the Group 2 sometimes called alkaline earth metals?

A

as their oxides + hydroxides are alkaline

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3
Q

What block elements are group 2 elements?

A

s-block elements

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4
Q

What is the reactivity of group 2 in comparison to group 1?

A

group 2 less reactive

beryllium not typical of group

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5
Q

What happens to metallic radius going down group 2?

A

metallic radius increases

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6
Q

What happens to density going down group 2?

A

density increases

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7
Q

What happens to first + seconds IEs going down group 2?

A

first + seconds IEs decreases going down group 2

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8
Q

How many electrons do the group 2 elements have in their outer s-orbital?

A

2 electrons

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9
Q

Why does the metallic radii increase going down group 2?

A

as each element has an extra filled main level of electrons compared with one above it

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10
Q

What sort of melting points do group 2 elements have?

A

high melting pt

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11
Q

What structure do group 2 elements have?

A

giant metallic structure

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12
Q

What happens to the electrons in the ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons as you go down group 2?

A

‘sea’ of delocalised electrons further away from positive nuclei

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13
Q

As the ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons further away from positive nuclei going down group 2, what happens to strength of metallic bonds and so what happens to melting pt?

A

strength of metallic bonds decreases going down group so melting pt decreases slightly going down group starting with calcium

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14
Q

What element of group 2 not fit the melting pt trend?

A

magnesium

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15
Q

In all their reaction, what do the atoms of elements in group 2 lose?

A

lose their 2 outer electrons to form ions with two positive charges

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16
Q

Why does first + second IE decrease going down group 2?

A

takes less energy to remove electrons as they become further away from positive nucleus
nucleus more effectively shielded by more inner shells of electrons

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17
Q

What is oxidation?

A

loss of electrons

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18
Q

What happens to group 2 metals in all their reactions? oxidised or reduced

A

they’re oxidised

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19
Q

What happens to the oxidation state when group 2 elements react?

A

go from oxidation state 0 to oxidation state +2

20
Q

When group 2 metals react with water, what is the trend?

A

metals get more reactive going down group

21
Q

What type of reaction is group 2 element reacting with water?

A

redox reaction

22
Q

What is the basic equation for the reaction between a group 2 element and water?

A

M(s) + 2H20(l) -> M(OH)2 (aq) + H2(g)

23
Q

What is magnesium hydroxide?

A

milk of magnesia

24
Q

What is magnesium hydroxide used in?

A

indigestion remedies to neutralise excess stomach acid which causes heartburn, indigestion + wind

25
Q

How quickly does magnesium react with cold water?

A

very slowly

26
Q

How quickly does magnesium react with steam?

A

quickly

27
Q

What does magnesium reacting with cold water/ steam produce?

A

alkaline oxide + hydrogen

Mg(s) + H20 (g) -> MgO(s) + H2(g)

28
Q

How does calcium reacting with water compare to magnesium reacting with water?

A

reacts in same way but more vigorously, even with cold water

29
Q

Which elements of group 2 react more vigorously with water than magnesium + calcium?

A

strontium + barium

30
Q

What is calcium hydroxide sometimes called?

A

slaked lime

31
Q

What is calcium hydroxide used for?

A

used to treat acidic soil

32
Q

What is the trend in solubilities of the hydroxides going down group 2?

A

going down group they become more soluble

33
Q

What is the colour of all the hydroxides in group 2?

A

hydroxides all white solids

34
Q

What is the solubility of magnesium hydroxide like?

A

almost insoluble

35
Q

How soluble is calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2?

A

sparingly soluble

36
Q

What is calcium hydroxide as a solution?

A

lime water

37
Q

What is the solubility of strontium hydroxide Sr(OH)2 like in comparison to calcium hydroxide?

A

it’s more soluble

38
Q

What does barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 dissolve to produce?

A

strongly alkaline solution

39
Q

Equation for barium hydroxide dissolving to produce strongly alkaline solution?

A

Ba(OH)2(s) + aq -> Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)

40
Q

What is the solubility trend in sulfates going down group 2?

A

they become less soluble going down group

41
Q

What is the solubility of barium sulphate like?

A

virtually insoluble

42
Q

What does it mean as barium sulphate is virtually insoluble?

A

means it can be taken by mouth as barium meal to outline gut in medical X-rays

43
Q

What is the heavy barium atom very good at?

A

absorbing X-rays

44
Q

What test is the insolubility of barium sulphate used in?

A

simple test for sulphate ions in solution

45
Q

Simple test for sulphate ions in solution using barium sulphate?

A

solution first acidified with nitric or hydrochloric acid
then barium chloride solution added to solution under test + if sulphate present white precipitate of barium sulphate formed

46
Q

Equation for simple test for sulphate ions in solution using barium sulphate?

A

Ba2+(aq) + SO4 2-(aq) -> BaSo4(s)

47
Q

What does the addition of acid in the simple test for sulphate ions in solution do?

A

removes carbonate ions as carbon dioxide

C9- GROUP 2, THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS (1 decks)

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