9.1 Respiration and Breathing Flashcards
What is gas exchange? What does it involve?
Gas exchange is the uptake of (O2) from the environment and the discharge of (CO2). It Involves breathing and respiration.
What happens during the breathing aspect of gas exchange? What is inhalation and exhalation?
- When you breathe in, you bring O2 into the lungs and expel CO2. It uses the diaphragm (which pushes up) and intercostal muscles. And it supplies the body with oxygen.
- Inhalation is when the diaphragm contracts(moves down). And exhalation is when the diaphragm relaxes(moves up).
What happens during the respiration aspect of gas exchange?
During respiration, the delivery of O2 into the cells occur. There are two types: External respiration (takes place in the lungs and involves the exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules between the air and the blood) and Internal respiration (takes place within the body and involves exchange of O2 and CO2 molecules between the blood and tissue fluids).
What is cellular respiration?
Involves the production of ATP in body cells.
What is breathing?
Breathing is the process by which air enters and leaves the lungs.
What are the different structures in the respiratory system?
The different structures in the respiratory system include: associated, support, and respiratory.
What are the associated structures?
The associated structures include:
- Ribs: The bones that protect the chest cavity. They help the lungs expand and contract.
What are the support structures?
The support structures include:
- Pleural Membrane: A thin membrane that surrounds the outer surface of the lungs.
- Pleural Space: The space between the membranes surrounding the lungs.
What are the respiratory structures?
The respiratory structures include:
- Pharynx: The throat.
- Epiglottis: Prevents the food from entering the trachea.
- Trachea: Also known as the windpipe, contains cilia which sweep debris away from the lungs.
- Bronchi: Contains smooth muscle and cartilage rings.
- Bronchioles: The small subdivisions of bronchi are made up of only smooth muscle.
- Alveoli: The small air sac that contain a large surface area for gas exchange.
- Capillaries: These are microscopic blood vessels and are the site of gas exchange.
- Diaphragm: A strong wall of muscle that separates the chest and abdominal cavity.
What is the path of air?
The path of air includes the following: Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
1. First air enters through the nose or mouth cavity. The air is warmed and moistened, and cleaned. The hair filters and traps dust, and the mucous traps particles.
2. Air then moves to the pharynx.
3. The air is then carried to the larynx.
4. The air then continues down the trachea.
5. The air then travels to the left and right bronchi.
6. Then to the bronchioles.
7. The air then goes to alveoli.
8. Gas is then transported in the blood to the heart by the pulmonary vein.
What is the alveoli?
The alveoli is the site of gas exchange (diffusion). The alveoli are both covered by capillaries.
What are the breathing movements?
The breathing movements are controlled by the medulla oblongata and pons. The breathing movements are the result of the changes in air pressure inside our chest.
What are pressure changes?
Pressure changes are caused by the contraction and relaxation of intercostal muscles and the diaphragm. Causes gases to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. When your chest cavity expands the pressure drops. When your chest cavity compresses the pressure rises.
What is inspiration?
Inspiration occurs when the pressure inside the lungs is less than it is in the atmosphere. The steps:
1. The diaphragm contracts and moves down.
2. The intercostal muscles contract and move ribs up and out.
3. The chest cavity becomes bigger and as a result the pleural pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.
4. Air moves in.
What is expiration?
Expiration occurs when the pressure inside the lungs is greater than the atmosphere. The steps:
1. Diaphragm relaxes and moves up.
2. Intercostal muscles relax and move ribs down and in.
3. Chest cavity is smaller as a result pleural pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure.
4. Air moves out.
