9.1 gene mutation Flashcards

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1
Q

what is mutation?

A

any change to the quantity / base sequence in the DNA of an organism

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2
Q

when does inherited mutation occur?

A

gamete formation (sudden & distinct differences)

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3
Q

when does gene mutation occur?

A

arises spontaneously during DNA replication

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4
Q

what will a base deletion mutation result in?

A

frameshift to the left & leads to different amino acid sequences

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5
Q

what are the 3 outcomes of a base substitution mutation?

A

1) nothing occurs (same amino acid coded due to degenerate code)
2) codes for different amino acid
3) codes for stop codon -> stops mRNA translation -> no functional polypeptide

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6
Q

what is chromosome mutation?

A

changes in structure / number of chromosomes which could arise spontanously

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7
Q

give an example of chromosome mutation.

A

down syndrome: extra chromosome 21
- non-disjunction of homologous pairs during meiosis

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