9.1 Flashcards
What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic has no nucleus and less organelles and eukaryotic has a nucleus and more organelles.
Compare plant, animal, and bacteria cells.
Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. They all have a cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and organelles made of membranes. Bacteria and plant cells have a cell wall.
Contrast plant, animal, and bacteria cells.
Animal and plant cells have more organelles, animal cells don’t have a cell wall, plant and bacteria cells don’t have a vacuole.
What does the cell membrane do?
protective barrier controls what molecules get in and out, helps cells communicate with each other.
What does the mitochondria do?
kidney-shaped with two layers of membranes, break down molecules to get energy for the cell.
What does the ER do?
where lipids and hormones are made (smooth) and where some proteins proteins are made (rough).
What does the nucleus do?
stores genetic information in the form of DNA and where genes get copied to make mRNA.
What does the golgi apparatus do?
gets packages of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, moves them through a series of stacked compartments. It tags proteins based on where they need to go in the cell.
What does the cytoskeleton do?
long protein fibers that give a cell shape and structure, keep organelles in place.
What do the ribosomes do?
small structures that read messages from the nucleus to build proteins.
What does the lysosome do?
small compartments filled with digestive enzymes that break down unneeded proteins and damaged cell parts for recycling.
What do the vesicles do?
small containers that carry materials between cell compartments and out of the cell.
What are the benefits of prokaryotic cells?
They’re easier to make and preform faster.
What are the benefits of eukaryotic cells?
They can do more complicated jobs.
How do plant, animal, and bacteria cells get rid of waste?
The waste goes out the cell membrane. It’s broken down. Animals act in lysosomes, plants in vacuoles, bacteria in chloroplasts.
How do plant, animal, and bacteria cells serve as a container?
They have a cell membrane, control what go in and out. Plant has a cell wall. Bacteria can have 2 or 1 membrane. Bacteria does not have cell membrane in the cell.
How do plant, animal, and bacteria cells contain a set of instructions?
Uses DNA. Uses genes. Animal and Plants have DNA in the nucleus. Bacteria has DNA free floating in chloroplast.
How do plant, animal, and bacteria cells read their instructions?
Cell copies in cytoplasm. Ribosome turns DNA into protein. Animal and plant protein can go to ER then golgi by vesicle.
How do plant, animal, and bacteria cells get and use energy?
ATP, fuel molecules, uses O2. Plant and bacteria can use sunlight. Plant uses chloroplasts. Bacteria uses cytoplasm.
How is protein distributed in prokaryotic cells?
Ribosomes transform DNA to protein and it’s carried across cytoplasm.
How is protein distributed in eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes transform DNA to protein then it’s carried to the golgi apparatus by vesicles.
Why would some cells have more than one type of organelle than others?
To serve a special function depending on what cell it is.
