9.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

why do plants need a transport system?

A
  • metabolic demands
  • size
  • SA:V ratio
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2
Q

metabolic demands

A

many plants dont photosynthesise so they need oxygen and glucose transported to them

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3
Q

size

A

the size of plants vary
therefore plants need a system which would allow them to transport substances up and down from the roots to the shoots

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4
Q

SA:V ratio

A

plants have a relatively small SA:V ratio which is not good for diffusion therefore needing a transport system

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5
Q

what is a dicot plant?

A

make seeds which contain two cotyledons

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6
Q

what is the vascular system?

A

a series of transport system which run through the stem, root, leaves

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7
Q

what are the transport systems arranged into?

A

a vascular bundle

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8
Q

vascular bundle in a stem

A
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9
Q

vascular bundle in a root

A
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10
Q

vascular bundle in a leaf

A
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11
Q

what is the xylem?

A

non-living tissue which transports water and mineral ions and provides support

NO CYTOPLASM

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12
Q

how are xylem tissue protected from herbivores?

A

surrounded by parenchyma tissue which contains tannin which deters herbivores

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13
Q

what does lignin do for the xylem?

A

provides strength to xylem wall and prevents the xylem from collapsing from transpiration pressure

xylem has to hold up against strong tension due to water movement

waterproofs the walls allowing for adhesion with water molecules

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14
Q

what are the unlignified parts of the xylem called?

A

bordered pits

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15
Q

what are bordered pits for?

A

lateral movement of water out of the xylem

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16
Q

what is the phloem?

A

living tissue which transports assimilates between sink and source cells

17
Q

which direction does the flow of assimilates go in the phloem?

A

upwards and downwards

18
Q

what are the vessels in the phloem tissue?

A

sieve tube elements

19
Q

do phloem cells contain a nucleus?

A

no

20
Q

what are sieve plates?

A

perforated walls between sieve tube cells which allow substances in the phloem to pass through

21
Q

what are linked to the sieve tube elements?

A

companion cells

22
Q

how are companion cells linked to the sieve tube elements?

A

by plasmodesmata channels

23
Q

do companion cells have a nucleus?

A

yes