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League of Legends S12 > 9. Strategies of Enhancement in Food produciton > Flashcards

9. Strategies of Enhancement in Food produciton Flashcards

1
Q

What is animal husbandry

A

It is the agricultural practice of raising livestock

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2
Q

What does animal husbandry deal with?

A

Drawls with the care and breeding of livestock like buffaloes,cows , pigs , sheep etc

Extended it also includes fisheries , molluscs crustacean etc

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3
Q

It is estimated that more than ——- percentage of worlds ——— is in India and China

A

70

livestock

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4
Q

What percentage of world produce from livestock is by india and China ?

A

25 percent

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5
Q

What is diary management ?

A

It is the management of animals for milk and it’s products for hum consumption

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6
Q

What do we deal with in diary farm management ?

A

Processes and systems to increase the yield

Improve quality of milk

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7
Q

What does the milk yield primarily depend on ?

A

Quality of breeds

Quality of better breeds with combined resistance to diseases is very important

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8
Q

What do we need to do to reach teh yield potential ?

A

Housed well
Adequate water
Maintained disease free
Quality and quantity of fodder necessary with scientific way of nourishment

Stringent cleanliness and hygiene of both CATTLE AND HANDLER is very important
Regular visit to the veterinary doctor is important

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9
Q

Do we need to ensure the hygiene of both handler and the cow for diary ?

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is operation flood based on ?

A

To increase the production of milk

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11
Q

What is silver revolution ?

A

Increase the production of egg

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12
Q

What is poultry ?

A

Class of domesticated fowls birds for food and their eggs

Normally chicken , duck ,turkey ,geese’s

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13
Q

What does the word poultry refer to often ?

A

It often refers to meat

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14
Q

What is necessary for diary farming ?

A

Disease free and suitable breeds
Safe farm conditions
Proper feed and water
Hygeine and health care

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15
Q

Can bird flu spread via bird meat?

A

No it does not spread via meat but rather from the birds from their breathe

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16
Q

What is an important aspect of animal husbandry?

A

Breeding of animals

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17
Q

What is the aim of animal husbandry?

A

Increase the yield of animals

Improving desirable character

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18
Q

What is breed ?

A

A group of animals related by descent and similar in most character like general appearance , features , size , configuration etc

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19
Q

What is inbreeding ?

A

See between same family (4-6 generation) and breed

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20
Q

What is teh breeding strategy in inbreeding ?

A

Superior males and superior female sexual in same breed

Cow /buffaloes with better milk production
Bull with superior build
Gives superior progeny

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21
Q

What is the disadvantage of inbreeding ?

A

Inbreeding depression

Reduced fertility

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22
Q

How is fertility restored in inbreeding?

A

By out cross , sex with another family of some breed

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23
Q

What is the use of selection in each step in inbreeding ?

A

To incerease the productivity

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24
Q

What is the use / advantage of inbreeding ?

A

Used for developing pure lines of any animals

Increases the exposure to harmful recessive alleles

Helps in accumulation of superiori genes

Selection takes place in each step to increase production

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25
Q

What are the three types of out breeding ?

A

Outcrops
Cross breeding
Interspecific

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26
Q

What is outbreeding ?

A

Cross between different family of same or different breeds

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27
Q

What is out cross ?

What is best used for except infertility cure ?

A

Cross between same breed But different family

It is the best breeding method for animals that are below average in productivity , growth rate of beef etc

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28
Q

How many outcross needed to remove the infertility due to inbreeding ?

A

Just a single outcross can cure it

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29
Q

What is crossbreeding

A

Superior mail of one breed are mated with superior females of another breed

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30
Q

When is crossbreeding most desirable?

A

cross breeding allows the desirable qualities of two breeds to become by the progeny have been made themselves be used for commercial production

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31
Q

How are new breeds made by cross be

Reeding ? Give an examples of this ?

A

By cross two breeds to combine character and then inbreed them to get a pure line and a better superior breed

Hisardale - Marino rams and bikaneri ewes

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32
Q

Between whom is interspecific breeding is done ?

A

Between two different related species

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33
Q

Who is mom and dad of mule ?

A

Father - donkey

Mother - horse

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34
Q

How are controlled breeding experiment taken place ?

A

By artificial insemination

The semen may be stored or may be used instantly

It can be easily transported to where the female is without the bull

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35
Q

How is the success rate of artificial ? What is done to improve ipthis ?

A

It is fairly low

MOËT is used to improve the chances

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36
Q

What hormone is used for MOËT . What does it lead to ?

A

The cow is administered with hormones that have FSH like ability

It leads to increases in follicular maturation and super ovulation - instead of one egg many eggs

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37
Q

How many eggs per cycle in MOËT ?

A

6-8 eggs are produced per cycle

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38
Q

How is the cow fertilized in MOËT ?

A

By either mating with bull or by artificial insemination

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39
Q

MOËT :

The fertilized egg at —— cell stage are recovered ———- and transferred to surrogate mothers

A

8-32 cell stage

Non surgically

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40
Q

Is the genetic mother available for another round of super ovulation or need to wait for calf to grow properly ?

A

No

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41
Q

In which animals is the MOËT used.?

A

Is is used for cattle ,sheep , rabbit , buffaloes , mares

42
Q

What kind of female and male is used to MOËT ?
females : better milk production or not

Male with what kind of meat be specific ?

A

Female with better milk production

Male with lean meat and less lipid

43
Q

What is apiculture?

A

Keeping bee for honey and bees wax.

44
Q

Apiculture is an age old ————-industry

A

Cottage industry

45
Q

What is use of honey upnutrishional value and use of beeswax ?

A

Honey : high nutritious value and finds it’s use in indeginous medicine .

Beeswax : preparation of cosmetics and polishes of various kinds

46
Q

What has led to the large scale beekeeping practices ?

A

The increase demand a funny has led to the large scale be keeping practises it has become an established income generating industry whether practice on a smaller large-scale

47
Q

Where can bee keeping be done?

A

Where there is sufficient bee pastures of some wild shrubs
Fruit orchards
Cultivated crops
Beehives can be kept in verandah

48
Q

Which is the most common bee keeping species

A

Apis indicana

49
Q

Beekeeping be done in Veranda or roof of the house ?

A

Yes

50
Q

Bee keeping is a labour intensive work?

A

No

51
Q

Does bee keeping require some special knowledge ?

A

Yes

52
Q

What are some important skills for bee keeping ?

A

1) knowledge of nature of bees
2) selection of suitable location for bees
3) catching and hiving of swarms
4) management of beehive during different seasons
5) handling and collection of honey and beeswax

53
Q

What are some of the common plant species pollinated by bees ?

A

Sunflower , brassica , apple and pear

54
Q

What happens when we keep beehives neat crop field during ——— season ?

A

Flowering season

Increases the pollination efficiency and inproves the yield of honey

Beneficial for both

55
Q

Wheat is fisheries ?

A

Is an industry devoted to catching , processing or selling of fish selfish or other aquatic animals ,

56
Q

What are the important animals used in fisheries ?

A

Prawn , crab, lobster , oyester

57
Q

Give name of some common freshwater fishes ?

A

Catla , rohu, common carp

58
Q

Give some examples of some common marine aquatic animals used for fisheries ?

A

Hilda , sardines , mackerel and pomfrets

59
Q

Whom do fisheries provide income to ?

A

To the agricularal , fisherman etc in the coastal areas.

60
Q

What is the difference between pisciculture and awuaculture ?

A

Pisciculture: limited to only fishes

Aquaculture : not just limited to fish but also to algae and insects and molluscs.

61
Q

What is blue revolution .

A

Increase in teh amount of fisheries production

62
Q

What is plant breeding? Why do we need it rather than traditional farming ?

A

It is a the purposeful manipulation of plant species I order to create desired plants Tyler’s that are better suited for cultivation, to give bettter yields and disease resistant .

Is a technology has helped increase in very large extent .

Traditional farming can only yield a limited biomass as food for humans and animals

63
Q

How has the Green Revolution health us?

A

Green Revolution has helped us to not only meet all countries need of food but also to export it

64
Q

Was green revolution depend on plant variety ?

A

Yes it was dependant to a large extent on the PLANT BREEDING TECHNIQUES for development. Of high yeilding and disease resistant variety in wheats, rice m maize

65
Q

Till when has has the conventional breeding in plants dated fro:?

A

9,000 to 11,000 BC

66
Q

What resulted in teh many present day crops ?

A

The domestication of ancient varieties has led to the many present day crops

67
Q

Today all our major food crops are deriveddd from domisticated varieties.

A

True

68
Q

What are teh steps innvolved in classical plant breeding ?

A

Crossing or hybridisation of pure lines ,
Followed by artificial selection to prodcuce Plants with desirable traits of higher yield
Nutrition and resistant to disease

69
Q

How is plant breeding done nowadays?

A

With the help of molecular biology and tissue cultures and molecular genetics tools

70
Q

What are the traits that we tried to incorporate in thr plant corps ?

A 
Higher yield 
Improved quality 
Increase tolerance to environment 
Resistant to pathogen 
Resistant to pests insects
71
Q

Who carries out plant breeding varieties?

A

Government institution and commercial companies

72
Q

What are the order of steps of plant breeding g?

A

1) collection of germ plasm
2) evaluation and selection of parents
3) cross hybridisation between selected parents
4) selection and testing of superior I recombinant
5) testing and release and commercialisation of new cultivators

73
Q

What is the root of any breeding programme ?

A

Genetic variability

74
Q

Where do we get the genetic variabili commonly from ?

A

From their wild relatives

75
Q

What is germ plasm collection ?

A

The entire collection of plant / seeds having all the diverse ales for all genes in a given crop is called germ plasm collection

76
Q

What is done in second step in plant hybridisation? Evaluation and selection of parents?

A

Indenting plants with desirable character

Pure lines are created whenever possible

77
Q

What is the longest step in plant hybridisation ?

A

Vibration and on selected parent is the tedious process a few hundred to thousand process sure the desirable combination

78
Q

Which steps yield plants that are superior to both parent s?

A

Selection and testing of superiori recombinant s

79
Q

Which is the most crucial step in plant hybridisation?

A

Selection Action process is the most crucial step in plant habitation

80
Q

In which step is homozygous hybrids creasted ?

A

Selection and testing of superiori recombinant

81
Q

What is done in this test testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars?

A

Evaluation is done by growing season research feeling recording their performance and under ideal fertilisers .etc

82
Q

What is the last step in plant hybridisation?

A

Samples are given to farmers and asked them to grow for three growing seasons on several locations in the country and the place which is most suitable for its cultivation is selected

83
Q

What percentage of India’s GDP is accounted by agriculture and what percentage of the population is involved in agriculture?

A

Approximately 33% of India’s GDP

62 percentage of popolat

84
Q

When did green revolution in happen what led to the discovery of the new varieties of plants with higher yield ?

A

Green revolution happened in mid-1960s as a result of various plan breeding techniques

85
Q

Name some plants made in India with better yeild made in India ?

A

Maize , wheat , garden peas

86
Q

By how much did the production of wheat and rice increase in India from 1960 to 200 ?

A

Wheat : 11-75 million tonne

Rice : 35-89.5 million tonne

87
Q

Why did the production of rice increase and wheat increase in India from 1960 to 2000 ?

A

This was die the development of semi dwarf variety of wheat and rice

88
Q

Who won the Nobel prize . Related to green revolution which company did he belong to ? What plant did he make ?

A

Norman E Borlaug
at International Center of a wheat and maize improvement in Mexico

Developed semi dwarf variety of wheat

89
Q

When and what were dithering different types of plant variety introduced in India in the wheat growing belt ?

What were their speciality ?

A

In 1963 Sonali’s and Kalyan Sona

High yeilding
Disease resistant

90
Q

What were the parents of the semi dwarf variety of rice introduced in India and when ?

A

1966 ,

IR-8 and Taichung Nawtive 1

91
Q

What are the origin of IR-8 and Taichung Nawtive 1 .

A

IR-8 : developed in Internationla Rice Research Institute

Taichung Native 1 : from Taiwan

92
Q

What were the better rice yeilding varieties introduced in India .

A

Jaya and Ratna

93
Q

Sugar cane production ? North India and south India difference ?

A

North India : Saccharum Barberi
Thin and poor sugar content

South India : saccharum officinarum
Thick and high sugar content

94
Q

What was done to improve sugar cane production in north India ?

A

Saccharum barberi and Saccharum officinarum we’re crossed to get a variety that could be grown in north India and hand teh qualities like South Indian variety

95
Q

What are the examples of millets ?

A

Hybrid maize , Jowar, bajra

96
Q

How much average crop is lost due to a pathogen ?

A

20 -30 percent

97
Q

Give some examples of disease caused by fungi in plant ?

A

Rust : brown rust ,

red rot of sugarcane , late blight of potato

98
Q

Give some examples of disease by bacteria in plant

A

Black rot of crucifers

99
Q

Give examples of disease caused by virus ?

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

Turnip mosaic virus

100
Q

What are the various steps to make disease resistant varieties of plant ?

A 
Screening of germ plasm 
Selection of disease resistant source 
Hybrid of selected parents 
Selection and evaluation of hybrids 
Release new variety

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