Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Module > 9. Rorabaugh - Stroke > Flashcards

9. Rorabaugh - Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A

Acute episode of focal cerebral ischemia that lasts form a few minutes to up to 24 hours (usually 5-10 minutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does the brain have the ability to store glycogen?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the only fuel source for the brain?

A

Glucose is the only fuel source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is blood flow regulated in the brain?

A

Regulated based on blood volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the constant rate of blood flow in the brain?

A

50 mL/min/100 grams tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is autoregulation in the brain?

A

Cerebral blood flow remains constant over a wide range of systemic blood flow pressures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the brain vessels do when systemic BP is high?

A

Cerebral vessels will constrict, preventing excessive blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What will the brain vessels do when systemic BP is low?

A

The vessels will dilate to maintain flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the definition of global ischemia?

A

Result of generalized reduction of cerebral perfusion, the entire brain is affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of focal cerebral ischemia?

A

Result of reduction of blood flow to a localized area of the brain, just a single region is impacted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to neurons when the brain experiences ischemia?

A
  1. Decrease in ATP to pump Na out and K in
  2. Causes deloplarization, and VG Ca channels open
  3. Ca flows into the cell, but cannot leave, causing NT release
  4. NT release cause a increase in energy deficit
  5. End result: kills additional neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the major artery affected from a stroke?

A

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the nonmodifiable risk factors of stroke?

A

Age, male, race, heredity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are a few modifiable risk factors for stroke?

A

HTN, TIA, Afib, DM, smoking, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two main types of stroke?

A

Hemorrhagic and Ischemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Excessive bleeding occurs inside of the brain or around brain tissue. The brain is lacking perfusion because blood is leaking into tissues.

17
Q

What happens during ischemic stroke?

A

Cerebral BVs are blocked, blood cannot flow, and there is no perfusion beyond blockage

18
Q

What are 5 causes of ischemic stroke?

A
  1. Atherosclerosis - main cause
  2. Thrombosis - usually originating from the left heart
  3. Extracranial embolism
  4. Arteritis secondary to infection - syphillis/TB
  5. Dissection of carotid arteries
19
Q

What is a lacunar infarction?

A

Atherothrombotic occlusion of a small artery that penetrates deep into the brain. A pool of fluid less then 15mm in diameters

20
Q

What are 3 characteristic of a TIA?

A
  1. No neurological abnormalities btwn attacks
  2. Caused by micro emboli temporarily occludin arteries
  3. Is a warning sign of impending stroke
21
Q

When are most TIAs followed by a stroke?

A

Usually w/in the same day or w/in 24-48 hrs after TIA

22
Q

What are the risk factors for stroke following a TIA (ABCD scores)?

A
  1. Age
  2. BP
  3. Clinical symptoms
  4. Duration of symptom
  5. ABCD2 - diabetes
23
Q

What are the causes for a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

HTN, rupture of cerebral aneurysm or angioma, and trauma

24
Q

What are the symptoms of hemorrhagic stroke?

A
  1. Might loose consciousness
  2. Headache, dizziness, nausea
  3. Rapid onset
25
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage stroke?

A

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, increasing cerebralspinal fluid volume and intracranial pressure

26
Q

What are they symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A
  1. Severe headache
  2. Vomiting
  3. Convulsions
  4. Loss of consciousness
27
Q

What are the causes of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Ruptured aneurysm
  3. Bleeding from intervertebral hemorrhage
28
Q

What is the main treatment of ischemic stroke?

A

Restore blood flow, usually by tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

29
Q

What are the 3 inclusion criteria for tPA treatment?

A
  1. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke
  2. Onset of symptoms less than 3 hours from treatment
  3. 18yrs or older
30
Q

What are some exclusion criteria for tPA treatment?

A

Head trauma, prior strokes, symptoms suggesting hemorrhage, blood glucose

31
Q

What percentage of all stroke patients receive tPA? (All and w/in 2 hrs)

A

All: 7%

W/in 2 hrs: 75%

32
Q

What are some other treatments of ischemic stroke?

A

Basic life support (stabilize pt: BP, glucose, O2)

Treatment of acute neurological complications

33
Q

What are the two treatments to prevent an acute secondary stroke?

A
  1. Carotid endarterectomy

2. Warfarin

34
Q

What are the treatments for long term prevention of a second stroke?

A

Coumadin, aspirin, anti-platelet drugs, statins, HTN drugs

35
Q

What is the treatment for a hemorrhagic stroke?

A
  1. Manage BP
  2. Manage intracranial pressure
  3. Prevent recurrent hemorrhage
  4. Surgery if close to surface of brain
36
Q

What is the definition of stroke?

A

Disrupt the blood supply to a region of the brain that causes neurological impairment

Cardio Module (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions