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Ocular Physiology > 9 Review > Flashcards

9 Review Flashcards

1
Q

ICF is the fluid inside the cell, it is maintained by the ______

A

Cell membrane

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2
Q

The ECF is split into 2 compartments

A
  1. Interstitial fluid

2. Plasma

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3
Q

What membrane separates the compartments of the ECF

A

Capillary walls

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4
Q

What is passive transport

A

Moves with gradient (H>L)

No energy needed

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5
Q

What are some types of passive transport

A

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

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6
Q

What is active transport

A

Moves against gradient (L>H)

Needs energy

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7
Q

What are the types of active transport

A

Primary and secondary

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8
Q

Ion channels are very specific to ____ and _____, and the flow depends on _________

A

Specific to ion size and charge

Flow depends on number open

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9
Q

Leak channels

A

Always open

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10
Q

Gated channels

A

Closed until a stimulus opens it

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11
Q

Ligand gated channel

A

Remains closed until proper ligand binds

Remains open as long as ligand is around, closes when it removed

Fast to elicit a cellular response

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12
Q

2nd messenger gated channel

A

Remains ope as long as 2nd messenger is around, closes when it is removed

2nd messenger i made until receptor is no longer stimulated

Slower to cause a responses more diverse effects

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13
Q

Voltage gated channel

A

Remain closed until membrane potential reaches a specific value
Remains open depending on the membrane potential and channel properties

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14
Q

Resting membrane potential is due to

A

Charge difference across cell membranes due to concentration gradients of ions

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15
Q

Inside of cell: _____ charge

A

Negative

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16
Q

Outside of the cell: ____ charge

A

Positive

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17
Q

What is the typical RMP of the body?

A

-70 mV at rest

Range is -20 to -100

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18
Q

What channel is the major contributor of RMP

A

K+ current through leak channels

19
Q

Na-K ATPase is necessary for RMP.
____ Na moves ____
____ K moves ______

A

3 NA out

2 K in

20
Q

At Rest- RMP (K flux through leak channels)
Local depol. (Stimulation occurs- ligand gated Na channels)
Threshold, -60 mV (Nav channels open)
Over shoot (Na influx)
Repol (Na slows, K rises)
Hyperpol ( more K leaves)
At rest

A

Know this

21
Q

Synapses are

A

Site of communication between cells

22
Q

What are the types of synapses

A

Electrical (gap junctions)

chemical

23
Q

Electrical synapses are

A

Direct connections between cells that allows ions to flow between

Makes a syncytium ( bunch of cells acting as 1)

24
Q

Synaptic transmission

Flow

A

Propagation of AP> release of NT> bonding of NT to receptor> effect on postsynaptic cells

25
Q

Excitatory post synaptic potentials (EPSP)

A

Depolarize cell

Result of opening Na, Ca channels OR closing K channel

Glutamate

26
Q

Inhibitory post synaptic potentials

A

Hyperpolarize cell

Opening Cl or K channels OR closing Na/Ca channel

GABA, glycine

27
Q

In order for a NT to work it must do what?

A

Bind a receptor

28
Q

The effect a NT has is based on

A

The receptor it binds

29
Q

Ionotropic receptors are…

A

Receptor is an ion channel

Open and close based on the ligand

Retinal glutamate receptors are Na/Ca channel

30
Q

Metabotropic receptors are…

A

Receptors coupled to an intracellular protein

Ligand binding alters 2nd messenger numbers

Retinal glutamate receptors are Gi coupled receptor

31
Q

Gs

A

Stimulate adenylate cyclase

Increase cAMP levels

32
Q

Gi

A

Inhibit adenylate cyclase

Reduce cAMP

33
Q

Gq

A

Stimulates phospholipase C
Makes IP3

Increases Ca levels

34
Q

Gt

A

In eyes, acts like Gi except with cGMP

35
Q

A1 receptors in eye

A

Pupil dilation

36
Q

A2 receptors in eye

A

Reduce aqueous humor formation by reducing B2 release

37
Q

B2 receptor in eye

A

Ciliary relaxation

Increase aqueous humor production

38
Q

Parasympathetic receptors in eye

A

Pupil constriction
Ciliary muscle contraction
Increase aqueous drainage and reduce production

Lacrimal secretion

39
Q

Gap junctions

A

Electrical connections

Little support

40
Q

Anchoring junctions

A

Structural spot-weld

Cell-cell: desmosome
Cell to ECM: hemdesmosomes

41
Q

Tight junctions make

A

Sheets of cells

Permeability depends on how tight the cells are held together

42
Q

Zonula occludens

A

Cell membranes touch
Very restrictive
Movement is transcellular
BBB

43
Q

Zonula adherens

A

Space between cell membranes varies
Filtration can occur

Kidney, blood vessels

44
Q

Slide 31

A

Reveiw it

Ocular Physiology (8 decks)

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