9. Public Order Law Flashcards

1
Q

What powers are given to the police under the Public Order Act 1986?

A

The power to
- limit the right to protest ๐Ÿค๐Ÿชง
and the power to
- arrest people who violate public order๐Ÿš“

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2
Q

In what three circumstances can a breach of the peace occur, and are they objective or subjective?

A
  1. Person genuinely in fear of harm to themselves (or their property in their presence) as a result of a disturbance (subjective as to fear; objective as to disturbance) ๐Ÿ˜ฌ
  2. Harm has actually been done to a person (or their property in their presence) ๐ŸฅŠ
  3. Harm is likely to be done to a person (or their property in their presence) ๐ŸฅŠ๐Ÿ”ฎ
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3
Q

If words are to breach the peace, to what threshold must they rise?

A

They must make someone believe that they are at imminent risk of an assault. Threats need to be accompanied with the necessary physical conduct.

๐ŸฅŠโฑ๏ธ

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4
Q

Can a breach of the peace occur in both public and private premises?

A

Yes, including residential property

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5
Q

What steps can a police officer take when there is a breach of the peace?

A

Any steps which are reasonable to terminate a breach or to prevent a likely one, including arrest and forcing entry on to private premises

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6
Q

How close in temporal proximity must a harm likely to be done be?

A

Imminent

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7
Q

Although a breach of the peace is not a criminal offence, what order could a person to subject to and what is the effect of this?

A

Binding over order, which means they must maintain the peace and keep good behaviour for a specified period of time

๐Ÿˆ๐Ÿˆ
๐Ÿ‘‰๐Ÿ˜€โฑ๏ธ

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8
Q

In what three circumstances must advance notice of a public procession (march) be given to the police?

A

If the procession is intended to:

  1. Demonstrate support for or opposition to the views or actions of any person or persons ๐Ÿ‘€
  2. Publicise a cause or campaign ๐Ÿ“ข
  3. Mark or commemorate an event, unless not reasonably practicable to give notice ๐Ÿ“†
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9
Q

How far in advance of a qualifying procession must notice be given to the police?

A

Six clear days, and if not possible, as soon as is practicable

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10
Q

What does clear days mean for the purposes of notifying about a procession?

A

The day notice is given and the day of the procession are not included

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11
Q

Where must notice of a procession be delivered?

A

A police station located in the area where the procession is to take place

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12
Q

What four things should the notice specify?

A
  1. Date of procession ๐Ÿ“†
  2. Time of procession ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
  3. Route of procession ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ
  4. Name and address of organiser ๐Ÿ˜ฌ
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13
Q

What processions, even though they may fall under the categories of one for which notice must generally be given, are exempt from the notice requirement?

A

Processions which are commonly or customarily held, and funeral processions โšฐ๏ธ

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14
Q

What are the two things, one of which is sufficient, that a chief constable/most senior officer present) must reasonably believe, in order to place conditions on a procession?
๐Ÿชงโš™๏ธ

A
  1. Procession will result in serious
    - public disorder, ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ˜ก
    - damage to property, ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿš๏ธ
    - disruption to the community ๐Ÿ˜๐Ÿ๐Ÿ“ฃ
    OR
  2. The purpose of the procession is to
  • intimidate others ๐Ÿคฌ๐Ÿซต
  • with a view to compelling them not to do something they have a right to do, or do something they have a right not to do โŒ
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15
Q

If this standard is reached, what conditions can be imposed on a procession?

A

Any condition necessary to prevent the issue which satisfied the standard
๐Ÿคทโ€โ™‚๏ธ

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16
Q

What is a defence to the general criminal offence of failing to comply with conditions placed on a procession?

A

That the failure to comply arose from circumstances beyond their control

๐ŸงŸโ€โ™‚๏ธ

17
Q

What is required to ban a public procession and what is the maximum period a ban can last?

A

If, due to the circumstances, chief constable feels that no conditions can be imposed to prevent the issue, the procession can be banned for a maximum of three months
โŒโš™๏ธ
๐ŸŒ”๐ŸŒ”๐ŸŒ”

18
Q

In order to ban a procession, who does the chief constable make the application to in (1) City of London and Greater London, and (2) England, outside of London?

A
  1. London: Home Secretary ๐Ÿง
  2. Outside London: Local council๐Ÿคก
19
Q

What is a public assembly?

A

An assembly of two or more persons in a public place which wholly or partially in the open air

๐Ÿ˜ƒ๐Ÿ˜ƒ ๐Ÿž๏ธ๐ŸŒค๏ธ

20
Q

For what reasons can a senior police officer give directions to organisers/participators in a public assembly?

A

The same as apply to placing conditions of a procession

21
Q

What is required of restrictions/conditions on public assemblies?

A

They must be proportionate, i.e. necessarily limited to achieving the specified ends

๐Ÿค

22
Q

What is a trespassory assembly?

A

Assembly:

  • Involving 20 or more persons
  • On land which public have no or limited access to
  • Which is likely to be held without the permission of or exceed the permission given by the occupier, and
  • May result in serious disruption to the community, or cause significant damage to land, buildings, or important monuments

๐Ÿญ๐ŸŽ›๏ธ๐ŸŽ‰๐ŸŽ‰๐Ÿฅณ

23
Q

Is an assembly on a highway a public assembly?

A

No, unless it is blocking the highway

24
Q

Is trespassory assembly a criminal offence?

A

Yes

25
Q

What is the police power regarding a banned trespassory assembly and in what way does this differ to breach of the peace?

A

Police can stop anyone they reasonably believe to be on their way to a banned trespassory assembly and direct them not to attend.
๐Ÿ‘ฎ๐Ÿ•บโŒ

Different to breach of the peace as there is no requirement of that the harm be imminent.