9-PHYSICS - P7

Question 1

What did Rutherford discover

Answer 1

Positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons in shells

Question 2

How did Rutherford discover the plum pudding model

Answer 2

by firing alpha particles at gold foil

Question 3

How can electrons jump to higher energy levels

Answer 3

absorption of electromagnetic radiation

Question 4

What are alpha particles made from

Answer 4

a helium neuclei with 2 protons and neutrons

Question 5

characteristics of alpha radiation

Answer 5

Highly ionising low penetration stopped by paper

Question 6

How does an alpha particle equation work

Answer 6

atomic mass decreases by 4 and atomic number decreases by 2

Question 7

What is beta radiation made form

Answer 7

electron emitted from the nucleus

Question 8

what are the characteristics of beta radiation?

Answer 8

Mid ionising ability mid penetration stop by aluminium

Question 9

How do beta equations work?

Answer 9

Atomic mass no change atomic number increased by one

Question 10

what are gamma waves made of?

Answer 10

EMS waves

Question 11

what are the characteristics of gamma radiation?

Answer 11

Low ability high penetration stop by several inches of lead

Question 12

what level is background radiation?

Answer 12

low

Question 13

What is contamination?

Answer 13

Contamination is the unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

Question 14

what is irradiation ?

Answer 14

Radiation is the process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation. It does not cause the object to become radioactive.

Question 15

what is half life?

Answer 15

Half life is the amount of time it takes the number of radioactive nuclei on of the isotope to Halle

Question 16

What does the number of atoms and count rate do
every half life?

Answer 16

half

Question 17

What is the half-life of carbon 14 used for?

Answer 17

age living things

Question 18

why is radiation harmful?

Answer 18

Ionising

Question 19

what can radiation do in humans?

Answer 19

Can cause mutations to DNA leading to cancer or kill the cell

Question 20

what type of radiation does smoke detectors use?

Answer 20

Alpha

Question 21

What type of radiation is thickness monitors use?

Answer 21

beta

Question 22

How do medical use radiation?

Answer 22

Can be used to explore internal organs and control or destroy unwanted tissues

Question 23

what can gamma radiation used to do?

Answer 23

kill cancer cells

Question 24

which types of radiation can be used as a tracer? The half-life must be long enough to detect but not too long.

Answer 24

beta or gamma

Question 25

Natural sources of background relations include cosmic rays food and drink rocks and buildings all contribute how much percentage of background radiation?

Answer 25

12.5% each

Question 26

radon gas contributes to what percentage of radiation

Answer 26

50%

Question 27

Man made sources of radiation come from nuclear fallout from weapon test nuclear disasters and medical use how much do they contribute to background radiation?

Answer 27

12.5%

Question 28

What is Fission

Answer 28

Vision is a splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei and two more neutrons releasing energy

Question 29

in nuclear power stations, vision is induced in what two elements by firing a neutron at it

Answer 29

Uranium 235 plutonium 239

Question 30

what does fission cause

Answer 30

fission is a chain reaction and causes more nuclei to split

Question 31

Why is nuclear waste hard to dispose of?

Answer 31

radioactive

Question 32

Nuclear fallout from a power station can do what?

Answer 32

Make an area uninhabitable

Question 33

what is fusion?

Answer 33

Fusion causes two atoms to combine, releasing vast amounts of energy

Question 34

when does fusion happen?

Answer 34

Happens naturally in a star when hydrogen fuses to form helium

Question 35

how can this be attempted on earth

Answer 35

At very high temperatures 7,000,000° (7million degrees)