9 November: Antibiotic Resistance pt. 2

Question 1

What is a direct result of infection by drug-resistant microorganisms?

Answer 1

Death

Question 2

Patients more at risk of drug-resistant bacteria

Answer 2

• Chemotherapy
• Kidney Dialysis
• Surgery patients
• Diabetes
• Asthma
• Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 3

What does C.Diff have that makes them resistant?

Answer 3

Endospores

Question 4

What type of antibiotic is mostly responsible for C. Diff infections?

Answer 4

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

Question 5

How do pathogens have drug-resistance?

Answer 5

When given antibiotics during clinical trials

Question 6

What increases the proportion of resistant microbes?

Answer 6

Natural Selection

Question 7

Natural Selection

Answer 7

Resistant cell will be in a population that is mostly susceptible, and with the exposure of antibiotics killing the susceptible cells in the population, resistant survivors can multiply without competition

Question 8

Innate resistance (Natural resistance)

Answer 8

Microbe lacks target enzyme or cell structure , and drugs cannot enter microbial cell

Question 9

Acquired resistance (becomes resistant)

Answer 9

Inactivate or destroy drug, modify the target or overproduce, avoid uptake of the drug

Question 10

Beta Lactamase

Answer 10

Rips apart beta-lactam ring in penicillin and causes it to not be penicillin anymore?

Question 11

Five primary mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 11

• Alter metabolic pathway
• Antibiotic modification
• Target modification
• Target modification
• Drug efflux system

Question 12

Drug efflux system

Answer 12

Proteins pump antibiotics out of the cell

Question 13

Spontaneous mutation

Answer 13

Can result in resistance, and subsequent generations acquire resistance from parent

Question 14

Vertical Transmission

Answer 14

Parent passing resistance to child