9: MRI Head And Neck Flashcards
Brain stem consists of: (3 parts)
- Mid brain
- Pons
- Medulla Oblongata
______ or ______ is a noticeable fissure separating the parietal lobe and temporal lobe of the Cerebrum.
Sylvian Fissure or Lateral Sulcus
The _________ lies adjacent to the Anterior horn of the Lateral Ventricle.
Caudate Nucleus
Pea sized conical mass of the brain which controls Melatonin secretions:
Pineal gland
Meninges consist of three membrane like layers:
- Pia Mater
- Arachnoid
- Dura mater
Function of the meninges:
Encompasses and protects the brain and spinal cord.
Connects the occipital tubercle to mastoid air cells:
Transverse sinus
Connects the third and fourth ventricles:
Aqueduct of Sylvius
Cave like structure found along the midline of the brain and connects both the right and left hemispheres of the brain:
Corpus Callosum
Clinical concerns for MRI brain
Brain tumor and lesions
Stroke, post trauma injuries, headaches
Multiple sclerosis
Hormonal and congenital disorders
Meningitis
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Arnold Chiari Malformation
Inferior extension to the cerebellar tonsil though the Foramen Magnum
Cranial Nerves
“On Old Olympus’ Towering Top A Fin And A German Viewed Some Hops”
CN I - Olfactory nerve - smell
CN II - Optic nerve - sight
CN III - Oculomotor nerve - movement of optics
CN IV - Trochlear nerve - eye movement
CN V - Trigeminal nerve - muscular facial movements
CN VI - Abducens nerve - eye movement
CN VII - Facial nerve - taste, facial movements (Bells Palsy)
CN VIII - Auditory Vestibulocochlear nerve - auditory
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve - Gag reflex, pharynx, tongue
CN X - Vagus nerve - peripheral nervous system, GI tract
CN XI - Spinal Accessory nerve - head and shoulder movement
CN XII - Hypoglossal nerve - swallowing, speech
The shell - like structure found medial to the Tympanic Membrane:
Cochlea
Transfers sound to the Vestibulocochlear nerve CN VIII:
Cochlea
Slow growing benign tumor due to an over production of Schwann cells
Vestibular (Acoustic) Neuroma
Feeling of constant spinning
Vertigo
The feeling of constant ringing in the ear
Tinnitus
Are Cochlear Implants MRI safe?
NO
Small gland which produces and secretes growth hormone (gH)
Pituitary gland
Sits within the Sella Turcica
Pituitary gland
Rare disease caused by uncontrollable and overproduction of gH after puberty in the pituitary gland.
Acromegaly
Hormone secreted by the pituitary which stimulates maturation of follicle development in women.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Small “stalk-like” structure, connects the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland.
Infundibulum
Fluid that is found anterior to the lens
Aqueous Humor
Fluid found posterior to the lens
Vitreous Humor
An increase in aqueous/vitreous humor will cause a painful, pressurized condition:
Glaucoma
CN II Optic nerve connects the posterior eye to the brain at the __________
Optic Chiasm
Cranial nerve present in the area between the posterior eye and brain.
CN III Oculomotor Nerve
Allow vision the adjustment in dark environments
Rods
Allow the ability to see in lighted environments
Cones
Scleral buckle surgical repair for retinal detachment; MR safe?
Yes
The anterior aspect of COW is composed of the most superior aspects of:
Right and left internal carotid arteries
The posterior aspect of COW is composed of the conjoining of the ______ and ______ which is called the _______
Right and left vertebral arteries, basilar artery
The vertebral arteries pass through both:
Foramen magnum and Vertebral Foramina
Due to the utilization of 2D TOF imaging, is contrast used to perform an MRA Brain?
No contrast
For proper venous saturation to be achieved on a Brain MRA, placing a ________ sat band must be employed
Superior
The large superficial vein traveling along the superior/posterior border of the brain is called the:
Superior Sagittal Sinus
The Superior Sagittal Sinus bifurcates laterally at the base of the brain into the:
Transverse Venous Sinus
For proper arterial saturation to be achieved on a Brain MRV, placing a _______ sat band must be employed.
Inferior
The formation of blood clots in the venous structures of the brain causing obstruction and eventual infarction of the brain
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis or Venous Sinus Thrombosis
The abnormal connection between arterial/venous vascularity:
AVM or Arteriovenous Malformation
When using 2D TOF imaging for MRV Brain, in-plane suppress of venous structures can mimic:
Stenotic/absences of blood presence in the brain.
Reviewing source data or utilization of PCA is advised for true data.
