Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OMC I, Module II > 9. Clinical Caries > Flashcards

9. Clinical Caries Flashcards

1
Q

Dental Caries Process

The demineralization process that causes a defect in ____, ____, and ____
surfaces of a tooth

	• Pit and fissure caries
		○ \_\_\_\_ caries
		○ Occurs in pits and fissures
		○ Fissure
			§ Defect in \_\_\_\_
		○ Pit
			§ \_\_\_\_
	• Smooth surface cavity
		○ \_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ surface of tooth
		○ \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ as well
	• Root cavity
		○ Below the \_\_\_\_, on cementum
		○ Implicated in gum \_\_\_\_
A

enamel
dentin
cementum

class I
groove
fossa
mesial
distal
buccal lingula
CEJ
recession
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DENTAL CARIES
Initiated by:
• Bacteria in plaque metabolize refined ____ (processed sugars) for energy
• ____ is the by-product
• Acidic environment ____ the tooth structure over time - causing carious activity

A

carbohydrates
acid
demineralizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

DENTAL CARIES

  • enamel development defects, lack of topical fluoride > ____
  • poor oral hygiene > ____
  • harmful food behaviors > ____

All 3 together come together and implicate ____

A

teeth
bacteria
diet
caries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

DENTAL CARIES
n Acid from the breakdown of the fermentable sugars demineralize the tooth structure when:
n pH below ____

n Non acidic environment helps remineralize
the enamel and arrest the carious when:
n pH above ____

n Saliva acts as a ____

• Demineralization increases on medication that reduces \_\_\_\_ function, or during \_\_\_\_ that destroys salivary gland function
A

5.5
5.5
salivary gland
radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION
n \_\_\_\_ removal – good oral hygiene 
n Fluoride toothpaste, rinses, gels,
supplements
n \_\_\_\_
n Regular dental care
	• \_\_\_\_ replaces Ca++ in the enamel
		○ \_\_\_\_
		○ Growing child, it can be a supplement so the secondary teeth will be strong and carry resistance
	• Sealants
		○ \_\_\_\_ surface of molars
		○ Only used on \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_
		○ Doesn't stick to \_\_\_\_ surface
A

plaque
sealants

fluoride
external
occlusal
pits (fossa)
fissure (grooves)
smooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LOOK AT THE DENTAL CARIES RISK FACTORS

A

YAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ADDITIONAL CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT FACTORS

n Clinical findings that indicate high caries risk:
n ____ or more active carious lesions
n ____ number of restorations

A

two

large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
CARIES TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS
n Is \_\_\_\_ present?
n How far does the caries
\_\_\_\_?
n Can the process be arrested by \_\_\_\_ treatment?
n What is the \_\_\_\_?
n Is a \_\_\_\_ required?
• Average life expectancy of composite is \_\_\_\_ years
A 
caries
extend
preventive
caries-risk
restoration
seven
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Caries Treatment Considerations

____, detection/severity, assessment > ____ assessment > ____ control > ____ and treatment

A

lesion
risk
disease
monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS
A ____ test for caries diagnosis cannot be used…
Multiple ____ must be used

A

single

criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS
n Visual evidence of caries
n Surface \_\_\_\_
n \_\_\_\_ appearance
n \_\_\_\_ : Be careful! 
n \_\_\_\_
	• Presence of pitted fissures upon removal of plaque
	• Unhealthy enamel and demineralized
		○ Opaque and rough
	• Cavitation
		○ An actual hole in the tooth
A

roughness
opaque
discoloration
cavitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q 
Detection and diagnosis
	• Caries development:
		○ Stages of development:
		○ \_\_\_\_ lesions (E1 lesion)
		○ \_\_\_\_ (E1 or E2 lesion)
		○ \_\_\_\_ carious lesion (E1, E2, or D1)
			§ Try to catch a \_\_\_\_ at this point
		○ \_\_\_\_ carious lesion (greater than D1)
			§ An actual hole
A

white spot
deminerliazation
non-cavitated
cavitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS

n Tactile evidence of caries
n ____ of tooth
n ____ of surface
n Explorer ____ to removal

• If you see someone poking so hard that their muscles are straining, they're doing it wrong
	○ Not supposed to actually make a cavity themselves
	○ Tip of explorer may just be getting stuck in between lobes
• Explorer should be at an \_\_\_\_ - simply feeling the grooves
• If it sticks to the caries:
	○ Resisting \_\_\_\_
A 
softness
roughness
resistance
angle
withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
CARIES DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS
n Radiographic Evaluation
n \_\_\_\_ areas in the proximal and the
occlusal surfaces
n Radiolucencency does \_\_\_\_ indicate if the surface has been cavitated
* Bottom-left: pit and fissure lesion
* Bottom-right: interproximally located
A

radiolucent

not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Detection and Diagnosis

E0 - no ____
E1 and E2 are termed: ____ caries

	• E1: outer half of \_\_\_\_
	• E2: inner (and outer) half of \_\_\_\_
		○ E1 and E2
			§ Incipient lesions
	• Interproximal caries a result of ingesting sugary drinks
	• D1 lesions can be remineralized \_\_\_\_ of the time
	• And so on for D (thirds)…
	• D2/D3 will definitely be \_\_\_\_
A 
caries
incipient
enamel
enamel
80%
intervened
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CARIES DETECTION/ DIAGNOSIS

	• Pit and fissure lesions
		○ "Surprises"
		○ Much \_\_\_\_ than initially expected
	• Gross lesions
		○ Cavitation with a large hole
		○ Systematic approach to repairing
			§ Remove caries without hitting nerve and reassess
		○ A large \_\_\_\_
A

larger

D3

17
Q

CARIES DETECTION/ DIAGNOSIS
Incipient (in enamel only)

n Non \_\_\_\_ (E1 or E2)
n \_\_\_\_ intact
n \_\_\_\_ or \_\_\_\_ of surface may be present
n \_\_\_\_ radiolucency may be
present on the radiograph ***REMINERALIZE VS PREPARATION
* Can make a cavitated lesion from an E1 and E2 with use of an explorer
* Do not use an \_\_\_\_ for pit and fissure caries
A 
cavitated
surface
opacity
discoloration
superficial

explorer

18
Q

CARIES DETECTION/ DIAGNOSIS
Cavitated:

n Surface ____, detected ____ or tactilely
n Surrounding tooth structure may be ____
n Radiolucency is present
through the ____ (____ and greater)

• Not all radiographic radiolucencies are associated with \_\_\_\_
	○ Studies show \_\_\_\_ of D1 lesions are not cavitated
A 
broken
visually
discolored
DEJ
D1
cavitation
40.9%
19
Q

TYPES OF CARIES:
PIT AND FISSURE LESIONS

n Most frequent location:
n ____ surfaces of posterior teeth

n Followed by:
n ____ pits of mandibular molars
n ____ pits of maxillary incisors

• Lingual pit most likely located on the \_\_\_\_ above the \_\_\_\_
	○ Posterior, anterior (maxillary lateral incisor), occlusal surfaces, smooth surfaces
A 
occlusal
buccal
lingual
maxillary lateral right
cingulum
20
Q

PIT AND FISSURE LESIONS:
Diagnosed by:
n Tactile: ____ enamel – ____ removal of the explorer
n Visual: ____ appearance surrounding the pit or fissure

A

softened
resists
opaque

21
Q

PIT AND FISSURE LESIONS:
Diagnosed by: ____ Radiograph
n Radiolucent area spreading laterally under the occlusal enamel from a pit or fissure

A

bitewing

22
Q

PIT AND FISSURE LESIONS
Prevented by: ____ placement

* Specific only to fossa and grooves
* Drilling does not make the teeth any more \_\_\_\_ to the sealant
A

sealant

retentive

23
Q

TYPES OF CARIES: SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS
Most frequent locations
n Proximal surfaces just ____ to the contact
—• Most common within the embrasure (cervical ____ of M/D)

nCervical 1/3 ____ and ____

A

cervical
1/3
facial
lingual

24
Q

PROXIMAL SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS:
Diagnosed by:
n ____ radiographs are the most effective method of detection for ____ surface lesions

A

bitewing

proximal smooth

25
Q

PROXIMAL SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS:
n Radiographic caries detection needs to be followed by caries ____
n Not all proximal radiolucencies are associated with ____
n Early lesions provide evidence of caries activity which CAN be ____ and the tooth surfaces remineralized through appropriate
treatment

A

diagnosis
cavitation
arrested

26
Q

CERVICAL SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS:
n Almost always seen in individuals with ____ activity
n Incipient caries appears ____, chalky white which appear when surface is ____
n Restoration needed when cavitation occurs

• No \_\_\_\_ on decalcification (dull, opaque)
	○ Cervical third of maxillary lateral incisor in image
A

high caries
opaque
reflection

27
Q

CERVICAL SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS:
Diagnosed by:
n ____
n ____

• Diagnose visually, do not need \_\_\_\_
A

visual
tactile

bitewings

28
Q

CERVICAL SMOOTH SURFACE LESIONS:

Cavitated, active cervical lesions

Non Cavitated, active cervical lesion – (E1 or E2) MOST likely to be arrested with ____ treatment only

A

preventative

29
Q

SMOOTH SURFACE ROOT SURFACE LESIONS:

n Originates on ____ of teeth
n Root may be exposed in presence of periodontal disease
n Most often found in ____ patients
n “____ caries”

A

root
older
senile

30
Q

SMOOTH SURFACE CARIES

Prevented by: ____ applications
- Sealants are not retained on ____ surfaces, therefore, not a treatment option

A

fluoride

smooth

31
Q

CARIES:
ARRESTED LESIONS
n Remineralized lesions
n Clinically observed as intact, but discolored ____ or ____ spots
n ____ resistant to subsequent caries attack than the unaffected enamel
n SHOULD NOT BE RESTORED UNLESS ____ OBJECTIONABLE

A

brown
black
more
esthetically

32
Q

Exam: normal (no lesions)
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up ____

Exam: Demineralized enamel (E1 or E2 white, opaque spot on visible smooth surfaces)
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up: ____

A

none
6mo-1 year clinical exam

for esthetics ONLY - try to remineralize
6mo- 1 year clinical exam

33
Q

Exam: Incipient pit and fissure enamel lesion (E1, E2)
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up: ____

Exam: Incipient proximal lesion (shown on BW) (E1, E2)
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up: ____

A

seal defective pits and fissures if high risk, fluoride also
3-6 mos. evaluation

fluoride
3-6 mos. evaluation

34
Q

Exam: Cavitated lesions (active caries); shown on BW’s (through DEJ)
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up: ____

Exam: Arrested caries
Restorative Tx: ____
Follow-up: ____

A

restorations, sealants on other high risk pit/fissure areas, Fluoride
3-6 mos evalution

elective for esthetic reasons only
6 mos-1 year examination

35
Q

HIGH RISK PATIENT TREATMENT SUGGESTIONS

One or more high risk factors

Treatment of the ____ (Restorations/Pit and Fissure
sealants

____

____ treatments: Xylitol gum or OTC Fluoride rinses

____ Month recall

A

infection
fluoridated varnish
supplemental
3

36
Q

SUMMARY: CARIES DETECTION AND
TREATMENT
n Caries is a ____ process
n Caries diagnosis requires caries ____ and ____.
n Before invasive treatment, noninvasive options need to be explored - remineralization (____, ____)
n ____ measures need to be taken

A 
dynamic
activity
risk assessment
sealants
fluoride
preventative
37
Q

SUMMARY CARIES DETECTION AND
TREATMENT
n Clinical Goal:
n ____ the process,
when indicated
n Surgically remove the infected area from the tooth once ____ and deeper and
n Restore the tooth to optimal form, function and esthetics

A

arrest/remineralize

D1

OMC I, Module II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions