9. BAMS Microbiology and Cleanliness Champions Flashcards
Definition of AIDS
4 examples of indicator conditions
2 examples of group 2 lesions
HIV replicative cycle
Presence of one/more indicator conditions in association with HIV
Lymphoma, TB, Kaposi sarcoma, pneumonia
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, hair leukoplakia, candidosis
HIV releases contents into cell –> reverse transcriptase copes vRNA into DNA –> vDNA inserted into cellular DNA –> many viral/RNA proteins are made –> new viral proteins assemble and bud from cell, potentially killing it
Structure, availability of vaccine, primary spread, availability of PEP and sharps injury transmission of:
HBV
HCV
HIV
Partially double stranded DNA virus, vaccine available, unprotected sex, PEP for unvaccinated/non-responders, 1/3
Single stranded RNA virus, no vaccine, IVDUs, no PEP, 1/30
Single stranded RNA virus, no vaccine, unprotected sex, PEP, 1/300
Definition of bacteraemia
Definition of septicaemia
Definition of sepsis
What are SIRS criteria
Types and definitions of types of sepsis
List Sepsis 6
Transient presence of bacteria in bloodstream
Persistent presence of bacteria in bloodstream with attendant signs and symptoms
Infection + SIRS. Host immune response to infection. Uncontrolled, unregulated, self-sustaining intravascular inflammation
Temperature <36/>38, WBC <4,000/>12,000cells/mm3, HR > 90bpm, resp rate > 20bpm
Sepsis, severe sepsis (organ dysfunction), septic shock (refractory shock to fluid resuscitation)
Give O2 (SATS >90%) Take blood cultures IV antibiotics Give fluid challenge Measure lactate Measure urine output
Definition of sharps injury/exposure
Definition of significant exposure
3 methods of prevention sharps injury
Treatment of sharps injury
Definition of exposure prone procedure
Skin broken/pierced by sharp object contaminated with blood/bodily fluid
Exposure when blood/bodily fluid is contaminated with BBV infected blood
PPE, hand hygiene, SICPS (safe sharps disposal)
Stop treatment, remove PPE, be sharps AWARE (allow to bleed (squeeze), wash under warm water, assess extend of injury (cover with waterproof dressing), risk of source blood, establish contact - with tutor (complete incident report form) and occupational health
Invasive procedure where injury to HCW may result in exposure of Px blood/tissue to blood of HCW
Definition of antibiotics
Ideal properties
Targets
How does resistance develop
Chemical substance produced by one organism that is destructive to another
Selective toxicity against pathogen, minimal host toxicity, -cidial activity, oral and parenteral preparations
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, inhibition of protein synthesis, inhibition of nucleic acid replication and transcription
From misuse - using outdated antibiotics/someone else’s, failing to complete regime, using antibiotics in animal feed, inappropriate use
List the structure, virulence factor and example of infection for:
S. aureus
S. pyogenes
S. anginosus
Anaerobes (clostridium)
Herpes simplex
C. albicans
Gram +ve coccus. PVL. Endocarditis, food poisoning
Gram +ve bacillus. Superantigens, toxic shock syndrome. Angular cheilitis
Gram +ve bacillus. Intermedilysin. Acute dento-alveolar abscess
Gram +ve spore forming obligate anaerobe. Alpha toxins. C. diff colitis
Enveoped DNA virus. Cell lysis. Gingival stomatitis
Yeast cell fungus. Phospholipase. Erythematous candidosis
Examples and causes of infections found in:
Epidermis
Dermis
Hair follicle
Subcutaneous fat
Fascial
Muscle
Surgical wound infections
Impetigo, angular cheilitis. S. aureus and S. pyogenes
Erysipelas. S. aureus and S. pyogenes
Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles. S. aureus
Cellulitis. S. pyogenes and S. aureus
Necrotising fasciitis. Mixture of micro-organisms
Myonecrosis, gangrene. Mixture of micro-organisms
Sore, red, swelling, discharge. S. aureus
List components of chain of infection
List components of sinners circle
Definition of virulence
Definition of dose
Definition of infectious dose
Definition of colonisation
Surface antigens found in influenza
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host
Time, temperature, mechanical action, chemical action
Ability to cause disease
Number of microbes entering body
Dose required to cause infection
Presence, growth and multiplication of micro-organism in/on host, without infection
Haemagglutinin H1-15, neuraminidase N1-9
Describe, give an example of and describe cleaning process of each category of equipment risk
List 3 types of decontamination and define one of them
How is the chain of infection broken on surfaces from:
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
High risk - items that break mucous membranes/are in contact with (forceps). Sterilisation
Medium risk - items in contact with intact mucous membranes (impression trays). Disinfection
Low risk - items in contact with intact skin (dental chair). Cleaning
Minimal risk - items not in contact with intact skin/far away (computer keyboard). Cleaning
Cleaning, sterilisation, disinfection - removal/destruction of microbes, not usually including bacterial spores
Cleaning, surface design, surface materials, detergent use
Aerosol control
Hands, fomites - hand hygiene
PPE
Vaccinations
List 4 portals of exit
List 3 portals of entry
Definition of detergent
Definition of high level disinfectant
Definition of low level disinfectant
Sneeze, cough, saliva, tears, skin contact
Aerosols, inhalation, direct/indirect contact
Group of synthetic organic water-soluble agents that have wetting agent, emulsifying and soil holding proper-ties
Kill all microbes but not large numbers of bacterial spores
Kill most vegetative bacteria, some fungi and some protozoa in a practical time period
3 important safety features of sharps box
List WHO 5 moments for hand hygiene
List 5 SICPs
Line 3/4 when locked and sealed before being incinerated. Should be out of reach of children. Should be close enough to operator for easy reach when disposing of sharps
Before touching a patient, before aseptic/clean procedure, after bodily fluid exposure risk, after touching a patient, after touching patient surroundings
Patient positioning, PPE, hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, safe management of linen, safe disposal of waste (including sharps), safe management of bodily fluid spillages
Describe how you would manage a blood spillage
Name 2 chlorine releasing agents
Name concentration (ppm) of chlorine releasing agents
PPE, contain with paper towels, assemble spillage kit, cover/coat with chlorine releasing agent, leave for 3-5 mins (NHSGGC guidance), clean with paper towels (clinical waste), wash with detergent and water, dispose of PPE, hand hygiene
Sodium hypochlorite, sodium dichloroisocyanurate
10,000ppm
