9: Anti-Doping Flashcards
doping
administration of drugs intended for the outcome of enhancing performance
overseen by WADA
prohibited substances
each year list of prohibited substances released
included non approved substances and prohibited methods
substances prohibited at all times includes
anabolic agents
peptide hormones
beta-2 agonists
hormone and metabolic regulators
diuretics and masking agents
substances prohibited in competition
stimulants
narcotics
cannabinoids
glucocorticoids
beta blockers
prohibited methods
manipulation of blood = administration of reintroduced blood
chemical and physical manipulation = tampering with sample
gene and cell doping = the alteration of genome sequences
11 anti-doping rule violations (ADRV)
presence
use
evasion
whereabouts
tampering
possession
trafficking
administration
complicity
prohibited association
acts to discourage or suppress reporting
athletes whereabouts
must provide location details of out-of-competition testing
national registered testing pool (NRTP) is generally used for elite athletes so has much stricter whereabouts reporting requirements
filing failure = inaccurate or insufficient whereabouts information leads to not being able to be found for testing
missed test = athletes who are not available for testing during an allotted time slot
if there are 3 whereabouts failures within 12 months: noted as ADRV, potential 2 year ban
why people dope
individual = athlete has desire to win
team = squad instructed to use doping agents, facilitated by management team
accidental = returning an AAF without knowledge of using prohibited substance
attempts to avoid AAF
structured doping routines which enhance performance but provide negative sample
failure to provide sample
substituting doped sample with clean alternative
how to stay clean
send sample away for testing - expensive and time consuming
don’t take the supplement
buy certified products
certified products
informed is a strategy put in place by LGC to provide testing and certification of supplement products
process includes: product evaluation, evaluation of raw material, review of manufacturing facilities and procedures, auditing of suppliers and distribution channels
tested products free of contamination are then permitted to show the informed sport logo
measurement techniques
majority contaminants are small molecules
supplements are mixture of multiple ingredients
typically measured by liquid/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
athlete biological passport (ABP)
in early 2000s scientific research started to uncover ‘patterns’ of biological markers which indicated blood doping
the ABP monitors selected biological variables over time that indirectly reveal the effects of doping
in 2009 ABP was launched which contained the haematological module
in 2014 a steroid module was added
blood doping
blood doping is the manipulation of blood to gain advantage
can be done through:
homologous transfusion
autologous transfusion
in/direct stimulation of blood cell production
synthetic oxygen carriers
dried blood spot analysis
quick and easy collection method - finger prick and blotting pad
multiple samples can be collected over time from athletes without disruption to training/competition
