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Motility > 9- Abnormal And Normal Binocular Vision > Flashcards

9- Abnormal And Normal Binocular Vision Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal binocular vision?

A

Both eyes used simultaneously for both retinal images of a target contribute to the final perception

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2
Q

Binocular vision requires the working together of what 2 systems?

A

Motor and sensory

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3
Q

What is the sensorimotor unit of the eye?

A

Light hits the retina, producing chemical and physical changes at the photoreceptors, impulses are transmitted to the CNA and we become aware of visual stimulation

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4
Q

What can affect sensory processing?

A

Any condition that prevents the integrator of the images from the 2 eyes

Ex. Amblyopia, uncorrected refractive error, eccentric fixation, disease

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5
Q

What is the motor process involved in?

A

Properly aligning the eyes at different distances and in difference gazes

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6
Q

T/F abnormalities n the sensory processing affects the motor?

A

True

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7
Q

What is included in teh spectrum of motor abnormalities

A

Disease
Deviations
Nystagmus
Vergence anomalies

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8
Q

Voluntary eye movements

A

You willed the eye movement

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9
Q

Involuntary eye movement

A

Occurs without awareness

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10
Q

What is a saccadic movement?

A

When the image over quickly across the retina with no apparent movement

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11
Q

What is the action of a muscle due to?

A

Direction of its pull around the axes

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12
Q

Primary action of a muscle is

A

It’s major effect on teh position of the eye when the muscle contracts while the head is in primary position

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13
Q

Secondary and tertiary actions of a muscle are

A

Additional effect a muscle has on the position of the eye

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14
Q

The eye can move about ____ degrees but after ____ degrees the head turns

A

50, 20

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15
Q

Tangential point

A

Point at the cente of the muscle or tenon that first touches the globe

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16
Q

Arc of contact

A

Formed between the tangential point and the center of insertion of the muscle on the sclera

(Changes in length as the muscle contracts)

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17
Q

Muscle plane

A

Direction of pull of the muscle and determines the axis the muscle will move around

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18
Q

Visual axis passes from ____ to ___

A

Fovea to point of fixation

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19
Q

T/F the visual axis of both eyes intersect at fixation?

A

True

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20
Q

The globe rotates on this axes

A

Axes of Fick

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21
Q

The X axis has this movement

A

Vertical (up and down)

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22
Q

The y axis makes this movement

A

Torsional rotations like a wheel

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23
Q

The z axis does this movement

A

Horizontal (left and right)

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24
Q

What are 4 rectus muscles

A

Superior
Inferior
Medial
Lateral

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25
Q

What are the 2 oblique muscles

A

Superior

Inferior

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26
Q

What is the imaginary line that joins the rectus muscles

A

Spiral of tillaux

27
Q

What is the spiral of tillaux important for?

A

Surgery

28
Q

The medial rectus is this far from the limbus

A

5.5 mm

29
Q

The superior rectus is this far from the limbus

A

7.7 mm

30
Q

The lateral rectus is this far from the limbus

A

6.9 mm

31
Q

The inferior rectus is this far from the limbus

A

6.5 mm

32
Q

All rectus muscels arise from this

A

Annulus of Zinn

33
Q

Medial rectus allows this motion

A

Moves eye to nose

ADDucts

34
Q

MR is innervated by this

A

CN3

35
Q

LR allows this movement

A

Moves eye away from nose

ABDucts

36
Q

LR is innervated by

A

CN6

37
Q

The medial and lateral walls of the eye are at what angle to each other?

A

45 degrees

38
Q

The orbital axis is what angle of the medial and lateral walls

A

23 degrees

39
Q

Where does the orbital axis run from

A

The apex to the opening of the orbit

40
Q

N primary gaze with the angle of the orbital axis

A

23 degrees

41
Q

What is the primary action of the SR

A

Elevate eye

42
Q

What is the secondary action of the SR

A

Intortion

43
Q

What is the tertiary action of the SR

A

ADDuction

44
Q

SR is innervated by

A

CN3

45
Q

The SR forms this angle with the visual axis

A

23 degrees

46
Q

When the glob is abducted 23 degrees the SR is only a(n) _______

A

Elevator

47
Q

When the glob is adducted 67 degrees the SR has only this action

A

Intortor

48
Q

The primary action of the IR is

A

Move eye down

49
Q

The secondary action of the IR is

A

Extortion

50
Q

IR is innervated by

A

CN3

51
Q

The IR forms this angle with the visual axis

A

23 degrees

52
Q

When the globe is abducted 23 degrees the IR acts only as a

A

Depressor

53
Q

When the globe is adducted 67 degrees the IR is only a

A

Extortor

54
Q

The 2 oblique muscles insert behind the equator at this angle with the visual axis

A

51 degrees

55
Q

What is the primary action of the SO

A

Intortion

56
Q

What is the secondary action of the SO

A

Depression

57
Q

What is the tertiary action of the SO

A

Abduction

58
Q

SO is innervated by

A

CN 4

59
Q

The SO passes through this

A

Trochlea

60
Q

The primary action of the IO is

A

Extortion

61
Q

The secondary action of the IO is

A

Elevation

62
Q

The tertiary action of the IO is

A

Abduction

63
Q

IO is innervated by

A

CN 3

64
Q

The IO forms this angle with the visual axis

A

51 degrees

Motility (5 decks)

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