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Question 1

why is there polyhydramnios in anencephaly?

Answer 1

no swallowing center in the brain

Question 2

what is holoprosencephaly and what conditions is it associated with?

Answer 2

failure of the cerebrum to separate into 2 hemispheres. May result in cyclopia, cleft lip, palate. Assoc’ed w/ Patau’s syndrome, severe fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 3

What is the Chiari II malformation?

Answer 3

cerebellar tonsils herniate through the foramen magnum with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephaly.

Question 4

Dandy-Walker malformation

Answer 4

large posterior fossa, missing cerebellar vermis, and enlarged 4th ventricle. May cause hydrocephalus and spina bifida.

Question 5

What is the cause of the “tallis-like” distribution of sensory loss in syringomyelia? What senses are absent, present?

Answer 5

Damage to the crossing fibers of the spinothalamic tract. Loss of pain and temp. Touch remains. Affects upper limbs (in cape/tallis-like distribution).

Question 6

Rule of 2’s for Meckel’s divirticulum.

Answer 6

2 inches long
2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2% of the population
Twice as common in males
Usu. presents w/in first 2 yrs of life

Question 7

What types of ectopic mucosa are most commonly found in Meckel’s diverticula?

Answer 7

Gastric and pancreatic

Question 8

What are the tumors of MEN-1?

Answer 8

parathryoid tumors, pancreatic endocrine tumors, pituitary tumors (GH or prolactinomas)

Question 9

Tumors of MEN-2A

Answer 9

medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytomas, parathyroid tumors

Question 10

Tumors of MEN-2B

Answer 10

medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, mucosal neuromas