9/3 Lecture DONE Flashcards
What was the main point of the CRA Book Summary: “Last Child in the Woods?”
Kids have lost touch with nature and they have a nature deficit
According to “Last Child in the Woods,” society is unintentionally teaching kids to avoid nature in what 4 ways?
1) Perceived as DIRTY and unhealthy
2) Dangerous Traffic
3) Parents worry about STRANGER-DANGER: fear of kidnappings
4) LACK OF ACCESS to nature and free time
(Mnemonic: Dirt Does Save Lives)
Give 6 benefits of nature for children and adults, as outlined in the lecture.
1) Improves CONCENTRATION
2) Enhances emotional COPING and stress reduction
3) Leads to more creative PLAY
4) Lays the foundation for STEWARDSHIP
5) Reduces symptoms of ADD/ADHD
6) Increases motor COORDINATION
(Mnemonic: PLAY Supports CONCENTRATION, COPING, And COORDINATION.)
What 5 broad categories of benefits of nature were discussed in the textbook?
1) Personal Benefits: PSYCHOLOGICAL
2) Personal Benefits: PHYSICAL
3) SOCIAL/Cultural Benefits
4) ENVIRONMENTAL Benefits
5) ECONOMIC Benefits
(Mnemonic: SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT(s) Elevate the Power of Play.)
Give 3 PSYCHOLOGICAL benefits of OR.
1) PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT (Self esteem, learn new skills, teamwork/cooperation)
2) MENTAL HEALTH and Maintenance (stress management)
3) Personal Appreciation/SATISFACTION (sense of freedom, exhilaration, nature appreciation)
Give an example of OR’s PHYSICAL benefits.
EXAMPLES:
1) CARDIOVASULAR health
2) Increased BONE MASS and strength in kids
3) STRESS REDUCTION
4) REDUCED OBESITY
5) Improved QUALITY OF LIFE
Give an example of OR’s SOCIAL/CULTURAL benefits.
EXAMPLES:
1) Reduced social alienation
2) Community Satisfaction
3) Family Bonding
4) Greater Community involvement and cooperation
According to the lecture, what are 3 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS of OR?
1) STEWARDSHIP
2) Improved AIR QUALITY
3) Maintenance of species BIODIVERSITY
(SAB)
According to the lecture, what is the primary ECONOMIC BENEFIT of OR?
Tourism is the #1 JOB provider in SF
OR users should be perceived as “_____.” This implies a host-guest relationship between managers and those who recreate there.
Visitors
As outlined in the lecture, give the 7 categories of OR.
1) NATURE based recreation - natural, outdoor settings
2) WILDLAND / forest recreation - relatively undeveloped natural environments
3) NATURE TOURISM - sightseeing nature
4) TOURISM / commercial recreation - activities of persons traveling leisure/business/ other
5) Outdoor SPORTS / athletics
6) ECOTOURISM - deeper edu focus / benefits locals
7) ADVENTURE recreation
(Mnemonic: Never Wear New Tennis Shoes when Engaging in Adventure.)
Name the 5 phases of the OR experience.
1) ANTICIPATION
2) TRAVEL TO
3) ON-SITE
4) TRAVEL BACK
5) REFLECTION
During THIS PERIOD OR recreation history in the US:
- The ORRC report and a flood of new laws
- INCREASED PUBLIC PARTICIPATION / recreation
- LEGISLATION: Natl Environmental Policy Act, Wilderness Act, Nat’l Wild and Scenic Rivers, Endangered Species Act, Fed Land Management and Policy Act were established
- In 1980s partnerships became more common w/ DECLINES IN FEDERAL FUNDING
Confrontation and Partnership Period
When were Urban Parks Established, to provide free space, “reform” the masses, and create playgrounds for youth ?
1900s
Park managers allowed new facilities, events, and more programming in the 1930s because the public was increasingly perceiving parks as ______ and ______.
unsafe an unappealing
The 1st Open Space Preserves/Districts NEAR URBAN CENTERS were created to to protect landscapes and provide undeveloped OR in what year?
1965
In what decade did it become clear cities could not provide funding and all services to support city parks adequately, so they began partnering with nonprofits, concessionaires, and volunteers?
1990s
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for SCIENCE, with NO OR allowed?
Ia. Strict Nature Preserve
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for NATURAL values, with NON-MOTORIZED OR?
Ib. Wilderness Area
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for ECOSYSTEM PROTECTION and OR?
II. National Parks
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for CONSERVATION OF SPECIFIC NATURAL FEATURES?
III. National Monument
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for CONSERVATION OF WILDLIFE through ACTIVE MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION?
IV. Habitat/Species Management Area
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed for LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION and OR?
VIII. Protected Landscape/Seascape
Which World Conservation Union Category of Protected Area is managed mainly for SUSTAINABLE USE of natural ecosystems/ RESOURCES?
IX. Managed Resource Protection Area
Which type of organization (public/private/non-profit) is a tax-supported govt. agency, operating for the benefit of all citizens and owning lands and buildings, though they may not provide all services?
Public Sector
During THIS PERIOD in OR recreation history in the US:
- Native Americans thriving
- 1st permanent European settlements on the frontier 1500-1600s
Frontier Period
During THIS PERIOD in OR recreation history in the US:
- LANDS that make up the US are ACQUIRED
- CONSTITUTION 1872 and Alaska purchase in 1867
Acquisition Period
During THIS PERIOD in OR recreation history in the US:
- Large parts of public domain TRANSFERRED AND DISPOSED FROM FEDS for growth and settlement
- Taylor Grazing Act
Transfer and Disposal Period
During THIS PERIOD in OR recreation history in the US:
- FEDERAL LANDS with unique values RESERVED rather than disposed
- YELLOWSTONE NP established
- Antiquities Act and Forest RESERVE Act
Reservation Period
During THIS PERIOD OR recreation history in the US:
- FUNDS / RESOURCES provided FOR MGMT OF RESERVED LANDS
- LAND MGMT AGENCIES: NPS, Bureau of Land Mgmt, US Fish and Wildlife Service created
- “PLEASURE GROUNDS” (large urban parks) est. in NYC and SF
- TRANSFER ACT of 1905
Custodial Management
The CDC recommends how much moderate intensity aerobic exercise for adults weekly? In addition, how many days should adults engage in muscle-strengthening activities?
Moderate intensity aerobic: 150 min./wk
Muscle-strengthening activities: 2+ days/wk
In 2011, the OR industry created how many American jobs?
6.1 million
T/F Most OR-related revenues and jobs are generated in private sector
True
T/F In 2011, Americans spent more on OR than on motor vehices OR pharmaceuticals.
True
What trend has been observed in Nat’l Park visitorship over the last 15 years?
It has been relatively stagnant (after experiencing a HUGE rise from 1950-1980)
Give the 6 OR periods described in the text, and their general time period.
1) FRONTIER Period (1500s to 1890s [overlap])
2) Acquisition (1780s - 1860s)
3) TRANSFER and DISPOSAL (1800s - 1930s)
4) RESERVATION
5) CUSTODIAL MGMT (1900s - 1960s)
6) Confrontation and PARTNERSHIP Period (1960s - present)
(Mnemonic: Frontier Acquisitions Transfered Custodial Partnership.)
Which 1969 legislation ESTABLISHED ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS and APPROVAL PROCESS, including Environmental Assessments and Environmental Impact Statements for developments on public land?
Nat’l Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Which legislation was the MOST SUCCESSFUL environmental law in US history, PROTECTING MOST NATURAL and undisturbed areas FOR PUBLIC recreation, science, scenic, educational, historic and conservation?
1964 Wilderness Act
Which legislation preserved certain rivers with outstanding natural, cultural, and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for the enjoyment of present and future generations? (Hint: Only law that protects river flows)
Nat’l Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
Which 1973 legislation est. a threatened and ENDANGERED SPECIES PROGRAM?
Endangered Species Act
Which legislation est. REQUIREMENTS for Bureau of Land Management (BLM), similar to those est. for the Forest Service in the National Forest Management Act?
Federal Land Management and Policy Act
What is the name of the CONGRESSIONAL COMMISSION est. 1958 - 1962 to examine supply and demand for OR through the ned of the 20th century, recommending ways to meet OR needs?
Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission
This person created America’s Great Outdoors Initiative
Barack Obama
Who was the first FEMALE Director of Nat’l Park Service (Nina worked for her)
Fran P. Mainella
Nemonic: FEMALE = Fran
Sponsored Nat’l Environmental Policy Act
Senator Henry Jackson
Nemonic: Sponsored = Senator
Who started the Sierra Club in 1892
John Muir
Who started the Civilian Conservation Corps to increase jobs by creating PUBLIC WORKS IN PARKS during the Depression?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Who was the first Chief of the U.S. Forest Service?
Gifford Pinchot
Nemonic GiFFord = Forest service
Who served on Board of Directors for East Bay Regional Park District for 18 years, lead an effort to expand the district, and was a former RPT professor?
Carol Severin
Who wrote book Silent Spring, ID’d impacts of DDT on wildlife/parks?
Rachel Carson
Who started a concession in Yosemite Valley in 1899 that still provides a variety of services and lower cost housing options for most visitors?
Jenny Curry
Who was the first Director of the Nat’l Park Service?
Steven Mather
Which type of organization (public/private/non-profit) includes businesses serving their clients on public or private OR resources to generate a profit?
Private
Which type of organization (public/private/non-profit) is a non-governmental organization, declared tax-exempt by IRS, which provide OR services or facilities, often to specific segments of the public?
Non-profit
What Public Lands are not open for public use?
Military bases
What is the term for lands under jurisdiction of public agencies? (Hint: We as citizens are the owners of these lands)
Public lands
In what year did the US Constitution est. federal govt. and authorities to acquire public lands?
1782
What year was Yosemite Nat’l Park est.?
1890
