9/29/20 Cardiovascular/Hemostasis for Exam 2

Question 1

the immediate response of a vascular vessel to trauma (mechanical, chemical, biological)

Answer 1

vasoconstriction

Question 2

vasoconstriction contraction results from

Answer 2

1. local myogenic spasm to myogenic contraction –may be prolonged to allow for platelet plug formation
2. release of autocoid factors from tissue injured tissue and platelets –endothelin
3. nervous reflexes (pain receptors) –signals neighboring cells

Question 3

prevention of blood loss

Answer 3

hemostasis

Question 4

process of blood clot formation at the site of the vessel injury

Answer 4

1. vasoconstriction
2. platelet aggregation
3. clot formation

Question 5

in the process of clot maintenance the anticoagulation and fibrinolysis are active where

Answer 5

at the clot outer boudnary

Question 6

early anticoagulation and fibrinolysis is concentrated in neighboring tissue

Answer 6

clot formation

Question 7

initial clot is established and additional clot formation and fibrinolysis continues, with new clot formation near injury

Answer 7

clot maintenance

Question 8

coagulation stimulus diminishes & anticoagulation mediators block new clot formation; fibrinolytic pathway predominates and the clot is ultimately removed

Answer 8

clot breakdown

Question 9

MUST KNOW protein factors of Hemostasis

Answer 9

collagen
von Willebrand Factor (vWF)
Tissue Factor
Thrombin (Factor IIa)
Fibrinogen
Fibrin
Plasmin

Question 10

under normal conditions, the surface of endothelial cells ______ thrombus formation

Answer 10

inhibits

Question 11

vasodilator, inhibits platelet aggregation and activation

Answer 11

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 12

vasodilator, inhibits platelet aggregation and activation

Answer 12

Nitric Oxide (NO)

Question 13

activates antithrombin

Answer 13

Heparin-like sulfate

Question 14

alters activity of thrombin from activator of clotting factors to activator of anticoagulation factors

Answer 14

Thrombomodulin

Question 15

inhibits TF, VIIa, Xa complex

Answer 15

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Question 16

enhance vasoconstriction by releasing _____ and serotonin

Answer 16

thromboxane A2

this is platelets

Question 17

Secrete vasoconstrictors, causing vascular spasms in injured vessels to limit blood loss

form temporary plugs to stop bleeding

aid the dissolution of clots when no longer needed

Answer 17

Roles of Platelets in Hemostasis

Question 18

4 steps for platelets to form temporary plug to stop bleeding

Answer 18

Adhesion
Aggregation
Secretion
Procoagulant Activity

Question 19

platelets stick to the subendothelial matrix

Answer 19

Adhesion

step 1 for platelets to form temporary plug to stop bleeding

Question 20

platelet-platelet cohesion

Answer 20

Aggregation

step 2 for platelets to form temporary plug to stop bleeding

Question 21

release of platelet granule proteins (clotting factors)

Answer 21

Secretion

step 3 for platelets to form temporary plug to stop bleeding

Question 22

accentuation of thrombin generation

Answer 22

Procoagulant activity

step 4 for platelets to form temporary plug to stop bleeding

Question 23

platelets cleaved off of ____ in marrow

Answer 23

megakaryocytes

Question 24

giant cells with multiple copies of DNA in the nucleus

Answer 24

megakaryocytes

Question 25

edges of megakaryocyte break off to form cell fragments called

Answer 25

platelets (1-4 um diameter discs)

Question 26

platelets originate from common

Answer 26

myeloid progenitor

Question 27

exposed collagen binds and activates platelets

Answer 27

step 1 for platelet plug formation

Question 28

release of platelet factors

Answer 28

step 2 for platelet plug formation

Question 29

attracts more platelets

Answer 29

step 3 for platelet plug formation

Question 30

aggregate into platelet plug

Answer 30

step 4 for platelet plug formation

Question 31

when endothelial layer is ruptured,

Answer 31

collagen is exposed