9 Flashcards
the best technology for making reservoir performance predictions today is to model fluid flow in porous media using computer programs known as _____
simulators
basic _____ can provide an initial concept of the reservoir and associated drive mechanism
reservoir analysis
types of reservoir management model
• the reservoir model
• the well model
• the wellbore model
• the surface model
• itrepresents fluid flow within reservoir
• it is modeled by subdividing the reservoir volume into an array, or grid, of smaller volume elements
the reservoir model
it is a term in the fluid flow equations that represents the extraction of fluid from the reservoir or the injections of fluids into the reservoir
the well model
represents flow from the sandface to the surface
the wellbore model
represents constraints associated with surface facilities, such as platform and separator limitations
the surface model
computer simulators are based on:
• physical conservation laws
• empirical relationships
• conservation of mass
• momentum
• energy
it is the most widely used simulators assume the reservoir, that is constant temperature
isothermal
what are the essential elements of a simulation study?
• matching field history
• making predictions
• include forecast based on the existing operating strategy
• evaluating alternative operating scenarios
the modeler will verify and refine the reservoir description then match the model from the initial description before making predictions
history match
the modeler will modify the reservoir until _____
the acceptable match is obtained
• it is essentially as a continuation of existing operating practice
• it gives a baseline for comparison with other reservoir management strategies
Base Case Predictions
_____ information gives us a very limited view of the reservoir
core and well log
the interpretation of _____ is less precise
seismic data
often viewed as “soft data” because of its dependence on interpretation
seismic data
the integration of data obtained at different scales is a difficult issue that is often referred to as the _____
problem
scale up
a _____ is defined as a “volume of rock subdivided according to geological and petrophysical properties that influence the flow of fluids through it”
flow unit
geologic properties needed to define a flow unit
• texture
• mineralogy
• sedimentary structure
• bedding contacts
• permeability barriers
petrophysical properties needed to define a flow unit
• porosity
• permeability
• compressibility
• fluid saturations
a _____ is a continuous part of the reservoir that has similar flow properties as characterized by geological and petrophysical data
flow unit
a simplified variation of the modified _____ plot technique is to identify a flow unit by plotting cumulative flow capacity as a function of depth
Lorenz
_____ is the step in which reservoir parameters such as thickness and porosity are spatially distributed
Contouring
two methods of spatially distributing reservoir parameters
• geostatistics
• reservoir geophysics
advantages of geostatistics
• realism
• quantifies uncertainty
