9

Question 1

teratogens

Answer 1

Agents that can result in birth defects. Often caused by infections, environmental hazards, or drugs.

Question 2

Habituation

Answer 2

A diminished response to a stimulus after being exposed to it multiple times—no longer responding to a conditioned stimulus.

Question 3

Schema

Answer 3

concepts or organized cluster of knowledge that we use to understand and interpret information * formed from experiences.

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

Interpreting experiences based upon one’s current, existing schema.

Question 5

Accommodation

Answer 5

Incorporating new experiences into one’s schema, updating it.

Question 6

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 6

An individual perceives the world through senses. (Ages 0 to 2)

Question 7

Object permanence

Answer 7

• An individual understands that items outside their sight exist. However, children in the sensorimotor stage tend to lack object permanence.
• the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Question 8

Preoperational stage

Answer 8

Children are egocentric and begin to develop language. (Ages 2 to 7)

Question 9

Conservation

Answer 9

• The principle that substances remain the same despite change in size, shape, or length. Children lack conservation in the preoperational stage.

develops around age 7-11

Question 10

Egocentrism

Answer 10

The tendency for an individual to view situations from only their perspective, disregarding other viewpoints.

Question 11

Theory of mind

Answer 11

An individual understands that others have different perceptions and feelings from their own.

Question 12

Concrete operational stage

Answer 12

• Children begin to think logically and shift from an egocentric perspective. In addition, children begin to understand the concept of reversibility.
• the child should gain an understanding of mental operations and begin to think logically

Question 13

Formal operations stage

Answer 13

• An individual is able to reason and critically think about abstract concepts. In addition, an individual can debate about hypothetical issues.
• the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Question 14

Critical period

Answer 14

Short time after birth, in which an individual must be exposed to social, emotional, and learning experiences for proper development.

Question 15

Imprinting

Answer 15

The tendency for a species to grow an attachment towards the first person it sees.

Question 16

Self-concept

Answer 16

An individual’s view on themselves

Question 17

Gender identity

Answer 17

An individual’s sense of being male, female, or otherwise.

Question 18

Social learning theory

Answer 18

The idea that an individual learns their gender role and identity from their environment.

Question 19

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 19

Body parts that are not associated with reproduction such as facial hair, public hair, and voice.

Question 20

Cross-sectional study

Answer 20

Observing different groups of participants—whether is gender or age wise—at the same time

Question 21

Longitudinal study

Answer 21

Repeatedly observing the same set of participants over a period of time.