9/15 notes Flashcards
polypeptide
the sequence of amino acids linked together to form a polypeptide chain
how are secondary protein structures formed from primary structures?
secondary protein structures form when hydrogen bonding occurs between atoms (H and O) of the polypeptide backbone in the primary structure.
what are hydrogen bonds made up of?
either H-O, H-F, or H-N
what is a polar molecule?
a molecule in which one end of the molecule is slightly positive, while the other end is slightly negative
what is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?
carries protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm
what is protein synthesis?
The process by which cells make proteins
what is a primary structure?
a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
what do 3 letters (nucleotides) in mRNA code for and what are they called?
- codes for a single amino acid
- codons
what does tRNA do?
it transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes so they can be attached to the growing polypeptide chain that becomes a new protein
what is an anticodon?
a trinucleotide sequence complementary to that of a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence
what does the anticodon bond to?
its complementary codon in the mRNA
what does a stop sequence do?
it halts protein synthesis
how do quaternary structures form?
they’re formed when subunits (proteins made up of multiple polypeptide chains) come together/bond
describe the bonds of each level of protein structure.
primary-peptide
secondary-hydrogen bonds
tertiary-R group interactions
quaternary-noncovalent bonds between hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of polypeptide subunits and/or disulfide bridges
what are the two most prevalent types of secondary protein structure?
the alpha helix and the Beta pleated sheet
