9-11 Test Flashcards
Why couldn’t Papa New Guinea become developed?
Had the same potential as developing into an MDC like the Europeans. But they could only domesticate a pig, which couldn’t increase crop production. The people were also isolated in the highlands, so they had very little connection with other civilizations
Rostow Model
All countries go through a series of stages of development as their economies grow
Rostow Model Stage 1
The traditional society
Agriculture economy of subsistence farming
Poor labor
Rostow Model stage 2
Pre-Conditions for Take Off
Agriculture becomes more mechanized and more output is traded
Rostow Model stage 3
Take Off
Manufacturing industry becomes more important, but # of industries remains small
Technology breakthrough occurs
Rostow Model stage 4
Drive to Maturity
Industry becomes more diverse
Technology continues to improve
Rostow Model stage 5
Drive to mass consumption
Output levels grow
Consumers have disposable income, beyond all basic needs
Shift towards tertiary sector activity
Von Thunen Model
Shows the agricultural land use
Von Thunen Model ring 1
Village/Central City
Farmers market/market and dairy-perishable products
Von Thunen Model ring 2
Labor-Intensive Farming and Dairying
Vegetables, dairying, market gardens
Von Thunen Model ring 3
Manages forest
Christmas trees
Paper
Von Thunen Model ring 4
Labor extensive field crops
Various crops and grains
Needs lots of land
Von Thunen Model ring 5
Grazing Ranching, animal products Livestock ranching Lot of land and land is cheap Gradin
Von Thunen Model outer outer ring
Wilderness
Von Thunen Model includes
Distance from the city
Fragility of food
Amount of space
Highest HDI
Norway
Productivity
Value of product compared to amount of labor needed
Value Added
Gross value of product costs of raw materials and energy
How did technological improvements diffuse in LDCs?
From urban to rural areas in LDC
Weber Model of Industrial Location
Assumes that industries choose a least cost location for the development of new industry
Dependency Theory
LDCs have higher ratio than MDCs of people under 15 and over 64 compared to those in the work force
HDI includes
Income
Literacy
Education
Life expectancy
Agricultural Revolution
Started to domesticate plants and animals
2nd Agricultural Revolution
Promoted by industrial revolution
Started using technology, fertilizers and pesticides, size of farms inc.
3rd Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)
Introduction of genetically engineering crops and GMOs
Yield increased
4th Agricultural Revolution
Urban agriculture: food production into city, growing indoors
Engineering environment instead of the crops
Agribusiness
In MDCs
Big companies sign contracts w/ commercial farmers
Tigers
Hong Kong
China
Taiwan
HDI measures
Decent standard of living
Long and healthy life
Access to knowledge
Decent standard of living
Gross National Income (GNI)
Value of output of goods and services produced in a country annually, including money that leaves and enters the country
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
Similar to GNI, except it doesn’t count for the money entering and leaving the country
Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
Cost of living adjustment made to the GNI
Agglomeration
Clustering of an Industry
Ex: Portland Starbucks
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Ability of women to improve status
% of seats held by women in the national legislature
Primary Sector
Resource based
Secondary Sector
Manufacturing-based activities
Tertiary Sector
Service-based activities
Quaternary Sector
Knowledge based activities
Quinary Sector
Intellectually based macro level activities
Desertification
Process of which things become a desert
Sanel
Transition zone between rainforest and desert Sahara
Ex: chad, Sudan
Specialized Industries
Single market manufacturers
Break of Bulk Points
Points where portions of cargo are unloaded and redistributed for redirection
Factors of Production
Land
Labor
Capital
Industrial Revolution
Started in UK, late 1800s
Changed everything, improved everything
Women started working
3 Categories of Costs - Weber
Transportation (most important cost): best site is where cost to transport raw material and finished product is lowest
Labor (high labor costs reduces profit): location where supply is cheap
[when one goes up, other goes down]
Agglomeration: clustering of industry
